裂缝的

Then the fundamental equations for plate/shell bi-nonlinear finite element model were set up with layered finite method. the fundamental geometric nonlinearity equations for the unbonded prestressed tendon and double spring element were proposed, and the double spring element was used to simulate the interaction of unbonded prestressed tendon and deviator.

最后，针对配置体外CFRP预应力筋混凝土梁的受力特性，对各规范和规程中的裂缝计算公式进行了相应的修正，建立了适用于配置体外CFRP预应力筋混凝土箱梁和T梁短期和长期裂缝宽度的计算公式。

Inadequateness leads to thin artificial barrier, which cannot form a low permeable or impermeable artificial barrier, which just cause lower differential pressure, this cannot control the extension on the height effectively.Moreover, because the artificial barrier cannot achieve the function of the height controlled, finally make the projection less efficiency, even could be defeated comes to an end.

过少则人工隔层过薄，不能形成一个低渗透或不渗透的人工遮挡层，只能在裂缝垂直方向上形成较小的压降，从而不能更有效的遏制裂缝在纵向上延伸；另外，由于遮挡层起不到控制缝高的作用，降低了压裂效率，最终施工效果不明显，甚至会以失败告终。

The determination of formation fracture pressure and the geometry of hydraulic fracture is critical for designing rational fracturing program, providing optimal operation pressure, avoiding interzonal crossflow caused by excessive fracture height, and better stimulating the reservoirs.

确定地层破裂压力和水力压裂裂缝延伸几何形态，对于设计合理的压裂方案、提供合理的压裂施工压力、避免压裂裂缝高度过高导致地层间的层间窜漏、更好地达到改善储层的目的至关重要。

Therefore, the early use of low-permeability reservoir development Diamond Anti-9:00 Well, diamond crack parallel to the main diagonal directions along the crack edge wells to increase water efficiency by the degree of widening further suppress the injection wells, well away from the row Kadoi premature flooded, and the overall benefit of fracturing; in the latter part of the diamond-shaped anti-9:00 Well Well turn the corner to form staggered rows like water injection means, thereby maintaining a high production rate and phase out the extent of mining.

因此，低渗透油藏开发初期使用菱形反九点井网，菱形主对角线平行裂缝方向，沿裂缝注水增加边井受效程度，拉大的井距又可抑制注水井排的角井过早水淹，且利于整体压裂改造；中后期将菱形反九点井网的角井转注形成交错排状注水方式，从而保持较高的采油速度和阶段采出程度。

The refracture orientation depends on the stress field in vertically-fractured gas well.

对于处于高含水期开采阶段的井，由于老裂缝控制的原油已接近全部采出，必须实施改向重复压裂，在油气层中打开新的油气流通道，更大范围地沟通老裂缝未动用的油气层，大幅度增加油气产量，进一步提高油气藏开发效果[1]。

The major source rocks in the Chagan sag are composed of the second member of the Bayingebi Formation of Lower Cretaceous.

查干凹陷火山岩油藏的主力烃源岩为下白垩统巴音戈壁组二段；储集空间是原生孔隙和原生裂缝，局部为由于后期溶蚀作用产生的溶蚀孔隙和构造作用形成的构造裂缝；苏红图二段的棕红色泥岩是主力盖层。

It always contains fractures、 poorly cemented or non- cemented fracted zone in real formations, moreover, some fractures are induced during drilling, so the formation around the well is not continuous.

实际地层本身含有裂缝、胶结差、甚至无胶结的破碎带，再加上钻井过程中的诱导裂缝，井眼周围的地层并不是连续的。

Aiming at the uncertainty problem of crack character and location of concrete outside the penstocks,the cracking area of concrete outside the penstocks of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station under designed load is obtained by using nonlinear 3D-FEM.

针对三峡压力管道外包混凝土裂缝性状和位置的不确定性问题，通过对三峡压力管道的三维非线性有限元分析，得出了在设计荷载作用下三峡压力管道外包混凝土开裂区域位置，并给出了管道混凝土可能的最大裂缝宽度值。

Aiming at the uncertainty problem of crack character and location of concrete outside the pen-stocks, the cracking area of concrete outside the penstocks of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station under designed load is obtained by using nonlinear 3D-FEM. And the likely maximum width of crack of penstock concrete is also worked out.

针对三峡压力管道外包混凝土裂缝性状和位置的不确定性问题，通过对三峡压力管道的三维非线性有限元分析，得出了在设计荷载作用下三峡压力管道外包混凝土开裂区域位置，并给出了管道混凝土可能的最大裂缝宽度值。

The effect on the stress intensity factors of different crack position, different wheel load and different pavement structure was also analyzed particularly.

推导了考虑层间界面部分约束的层底裂缝应力强度因子的数值计算方法，并详细分析了不同层间约束条件对路面裂缝应力强度因子的影响。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。