裂缝的

The finite element analysis models of linear elastic fracture with 20-nodes substance element and cracking singular element were established.

提出采用20节点等参单元、裂缝奇异单元，建立了铺装层线弹性断裂力学有限元模型，通过裂缝尖端应力强度因子的计算，研究了钢桥面沥青铺装层破坏情况对裂缝扩展的影响。

The stress intensity factors of pipes containing an elliptical arc of crack have been evaluated by collapsed singular element with the more detailed mesh on crack front and their respective adjacent areas.

中文摘要本论文对含内、外裂椭圆形裂缝之圆管应力强度因子计算，计算在椭圆形裂缝尖端部位附近，使用溃点奇异元素，建立有限元素的网格化自动产生模型，并利用ANSYS程式计算裂缝尖端的应力强度因子。

This paper, considering the character of stress redistribution after cracking, divides concrete elements into crackable elements and uncrackable elements. On one hand, this cracking model does not need to generate new elements and save computing time, which is similar to the benefits of smeared cracking model.

本文根据混凝土开裂后应力重分布的特点，将混凝土单元划分为可开裂单元与不可开裂单元，在计算上具有分布式裂缝模型不用重新划分单元，节省机时的优点；同时在裂缝绘制方面，又具有分离式裂缝模型形象直观的长处。

In fractural area, because the elasticity is heterogeneity, seismic wave absorbed and scattering, the seismic record is more complex. Thus, the Hurst exponent in fractural area is less than in non-fractural one.

在裂缝发育区段，由于地层介质弹性的非均质性及地震波的散射、吸收等使得地震反射序列变得更为复杂，这样，裂缝发育区地震信号的赫斯特指数小于非裂缝发育区。

Optimalerror estimates in L2-norm and H1-norm are obtained.Model:The mathematical model for two phase incompressible flow innaturally fractured reserviors is[34]:Supposeis a bounded domain with smoothy boundary,the rock ispresented byΩi,the volume of the fissures is small,Ωm=Ω.In the fissures Ω:s(x,0)=s0,x∈Ωin the rock Ωi:where J=0,T.

模型：裂缝孔隙介质中油水两相不可压缩驱动问题的数学模型为[34]：设〓为具有光滑边界的有界凸域，其中多孔岩块以Ωi表示，Ωm＝∑Ωi，因裂缝体积很小，可以认为Ωm＝Ω。x在裂缝系统Ω上：〓s(x，0)＝s0，x∈Ω在任一岩块Ωi上：〓其中J＝0，T。

The results show that the original fissure field has characteristics such as the horizontal development of micro-cracks,fissures were fill with filling material,as well as part of the development of vertical cracks,broken.The rock fissures has characteristics such as the intersection cracks in high-angle vertical,and along with reducement of the distance from the roof,gradually development to the broken c...

研究得出原生裂隙场具有绝大多数发育横向微裂隙，裂隙被充填物所充填以及部分发育纵向裂隙，较破碎的特点；采动岩体裂隙则具有发育纵横交错的相交裂缝，以高角度纵向裂缝为主，且随着离煤层顶板距离减小，并逐步向破碎型裂缝发展的特点。

Based on the analysis of sediments and diagenesis of YangXin Series, author studied systematically all types of holes and fractures including stracture fissures, secondary corrosion cavities, contract holes and crevices, unloaded fissures, regionalrifts crush cracks (mechanical, hydraulic and oil-gas divulsional), seperate fissures in layres, collapse breccia′s clinks and seam lines, etc,.

作者在对阳新统沉积及成岩后生普通化的分析基础上，全面系统地分析了包括构造裂缝在内的各种孔洞缝类型，如次生溶蚀孔洞、收缩成因孔缝、卸荷张缝、区域裂缝、压裂缝（机械压裂、水力压裂、油气扯裂）、层理脱空缝、垮塌角砾间孔缝、缝合线等。

But the concrete is non- one kind homogenizes the fragility material, under having certain temperature and humidity situation, the concrete is hardened and produced the volume out of shape, he is out of shape and inconsistent because of making up the material of the concrete, restrain from, produce initial stress each other, cause between aggregate and stone bonding surface of cement or cement produce the very small crack between the stone,These cracks are irregular, discontinuous too, under the influence of external factor, may also develop into a macroscopical crack.

但混凝土是一种非匀质脆性材料，在具有一定的温度和湿度情况下，混凝土硬化并产生体积变形，由于组成混凝土的材料其变形不一致，互相约束产生初始应力，造成在骨料与水泥石粘结面之间或水泥石本身之间产生微细裂缝，这些裂缝既不规则，也不连贯，在外界因素影响下，还可能发展成宏观裂缝。

This paper presents a quantitative analysis method of fissure volume density through strain energy obtained from numerical simulation.

选用裂缝体积密度作为构造裂缝定量化参数，对基于钻井岩心的裂缝体积密度的计算方法作了改进。

An increase in the temperature of salt water from room temperature to 80℃ caused a remarkable increase in FCG rate for ADI due to the enhanced diffusion rate and hydrogen embrittlement effect at the crack tip.

此外，随著环境温度升高，增加裂缝成长驱动力，并加速溶液中离子的扩散速率，使得裂缝尖端氢脆效应加大，导致沃斯回火球墨铸铁在80℃盐水下的裂缝成长速率比室温盐水下来得高。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。