被遗传的

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Derived property right is the partial right of the biogenetic resource which has been genetically modified fro commercial purposes.

生物遗传资源的衍生所有权即那些对一种生物遗传资源拥有元所有权的国家对这种生物遗传资源被商业修饰后，仍拥有的部分所有权利。

Finally, the thesis will bring forward the strategies and suggestion of developing the industry, and as the following: firstly, enhance the well-bred breeding system of the main yellow-feather broiler as soon as possible from the inherit characteristics of broiler to Hong Kong; secondly, introduce advanced science and technology to reduce the ratio of feed consumed and meat and increase the economic benefit; thirdly, make the nutrition requirement of broiler standardization and the epidemic prevention system of poultry disease strengthen; fourthly, promote the enterprise to build the system of sincerity and trust to guarantee the quality of living chicken to Hong Kong; fifthly, make the management of veterinary medicine and quality supervising strengthen and forbid to use the contraband and unsanctified medicine and improve the system f rudimental medicine; sixthly, reinforce the hygiene and epidemic prevention in breeding room to improve the competition of living chicken in Hong Kong market; finally, introduce the system of HACCP, and carry out ISO9000 quality management system and ISO14000 environment management system, and adopt the advanced international way to manage the exported enterprises.

第八部分针对目前供港活鸡市场存在的问题，提出发展供港活鸡产业的策略和建议，包括：（1）从供港活鸡主要品种的遗传特性着手，尽快完善供港活鸡主要品种黄羽鸡的良种繁育体系；（2）引进先进的饲料科技技术降低料肉比以提高养禽经济效益；（3）规范肉食饲养的营养标准并加强禽病防疫体系的建设；（4）推动企业建立诚信制度，切实保供港活鸡产品的质量；（5）加强兽药管理和质量监管工作，禁止使用违禁药物和未被批准的药物并完善残留监控体系；（6）切实加强养殖场的卫生防疫工作，增强供港活鸡产品在香港市场的竞争力；（7）导入HACCP体系，尽可能推行ISO9000质量管理体系和ISO14000环境管理体系，以当前国际通行的先进方式管理禽肉出口企业。

To observe the child's tendencies, his aptitudes, his temperament, to understand his difficulties, to take into account his heredity and parental influence and not merely regard him as belonging to a certain category - all this calls for a swift and pliable mind, untrammelled by any system or prejudice.

要观察一个孩子的兴趣、能力、性情，了解他的困难，考虑到他所受的遗传和父母的影响，而非仅仅把孩子归于某种类别——这一切都需要机敏而富于弹性的心，不被任何的制度或偏见所拘束。

Now, as our amazing photographs show, it appears as if his eldest son Prince Michael, 12, has inherited vitiligo, with a noticeable discolouring of his right hand.

如今，照片让我们看到了惊人的证明，迈克尔杰克逊12岁的长子Prince Michael被遗传上了白癜风，Prince的右手有明显的脱色症状。

To evaluate the factors affecting seed yield of castor and categorize castor resource, 46 castor germplasms were analyzed according to the key components analysis and cluster analysis of 11 quantitative characters.

初步提出评选蓖麻种质资源的遗传主成分标准。46份蓖麻种质资源被分为4类，地理远缘材料在遗传上不一定远缘，而近缘材料由于选择方向不同可能成为遗传远缘。

Moreover, it is a challenge that is largely ignored byregulators and the public, who seem unduly obsessed by gruesomefantasies of genetic dystopias.

而且，它是一个挑战，它被监督者和公众极大的忽视了，他们似乎极端痴迷遗传的糟糕的的社会的可怕的幻想。

One. Moreover, it is a challenge that is largely ignored byregulators and the public, who seem unduly obsessed by gruesomefantasies of genetic dystopias.

而且，它是一个挑战，它被监督者和公众极大的忽视了，他们似乎极端痴迷遗传的糟糕的的社会的可怕的幻想。

In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of stone formation through biochemistry and molecular genetics.

尿路结石是复杂和遗传的疾病，其形成的过程被称为生物矿化，真正的机转虽然尚未清楚，但是生物分子可能参与其中，我们研究的目标是以生化学和分子遗传学的方法来探讨尿路结石形成的机制。

The important legacy of the Classical World has been bestowed on all the countries comprising the Greater European community in a variety of ways, principally as a direct hereditary residue or as sets of traits dispatched outward through the normal diffusional processes, most notably in law, religion, science, education, the fine arts, language, and literature.

在古典世界重要的遗产已被赋予的所有成员包括以各种方式大欧洲共同体国家，作为一个直接的遗传性状的残留物，或作为向外派遣套主要通过正常的扩散过程中，最突出的是法律，宗教，科学，教育，美术，语言，文学。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。