被膜下的

In mitochondria, mitochondrial crista and inner membrane was more susceptible than outer membrane. In chloroplasts, though the arrangement of thylakoid membrane appeared disturbance priorly, the disintegration of thylakoid membrane was later than chloroplast envelope.

线粒体的嵴和内膜比外膜对高温更敏感；叶绿体的类囊体膜在热胁迫下较早出现排列紊乱，但解体时间却比叶绿体被膜晚。

Beyond the analytical study of the vesicle shape, Surface Evolver which is a powerful software to simulate two-dimensional surface is used to do the simulation about the shape of closed and opening-up vesicles.

在对膜的形状作解析研究之外，我们还用了软件，Surface Evolver一种适合于研究各种形式能量下的二维膜形状的摹拟研究，来摹拟闭合的与开口的膜形状，得到棒状、三叶星鱼、四叶星鱼、碗状等已在磷脂泡膜和红细胞的临床观察中被发现的形状。

Beijingensis under three droughttreatments, normal, moderate and severe stresses. The results showed:(1) the canker disease ofboth cultivars was serious gradually with increased drought;(2) the bark tissue cells sufferedplasmolysis, more evident with the severity of drought stress;(3) under the drought andinoculation with B. dothidea, cells of two cultivars damaged at different degree, mailyrepresented in the changes of organelles, such as chloroplast swollen and distorted, number ofmitochondria increased and membrane system indistinct; then organelles suffered furtherdamagement with inoculation time, thinned mitochondrias stroma, decreased cristae, crumpledand partly broken membrane of chloroplasts with stroma exosmosis. At last, the chloroplastspartly disorganized;(4) the hyphae growed mainly intercellular in resistant cultivar and notonly intercellular but also intracellular in susceptible cultivar, which directly caused thenecrosis of cells;(5) under the severe drought, the damage of cells enhanced the infection ofpathogen and drought and pathogen stressed together and promoted the disease development;the damage from pathogen on cells was more serious than that from drought.

结果显示：(1)随着干旱胁迫程度的增加，2种杨树溃疡病害发生渐趋严重；(2)干旱胁迫下，杨树树皮组织细胞发生质壁分离，并随胁迫程度的增加而严重；(3)干旱胁迫下接种病原菌，2种杨树细胞发生不同程度的损伤，主要表现为细胞器发生较大变化，如出现叶绿体肿胀变形、线粒体数量增多，质膜模糊不清等现象；随接种时间的延长，细胞器受到进一步损伤，叶绿体被膜折皱，严重时局部破裂，基质外渗，并部分最终解体；(4)毛白杨中的菌丝主要在细胞间隙中穿行，而北京杨的菌丝除在细胞间隙中生长之外，侵入细胞内部也较多，直接导致细胞的解体；(5)干旱胁迫下细胞的损伤促进了病原菌的侵染，干旱和病原菌的双重胁迫加剧了病害的发生程度，并且病原菌侵染对细胞的破坏程度大于水分胁迫。

The surface and section of the dynamic membrane at different concentrations of PAC were observed by scanning electron microscopy.

向由孔径为56μm的普通工业滤布组成的膜生物反应器中投加不同量的粉末活性炭，对恒通量下的单周期运行情况进行了考察，并对被污染的动态膜表面和截面进行了扫描电镜观察。

A rightward shift of the signal was observed signifying a reduction of the uptake of the fusion protein GST-GFP-Tat at 4℃compared to its cellular uptake at 37℃.

其三，温度对跨膜递送作用影响较大，37℃条件下有高跨膜效率的融合蛋白 4 ℃时跨膜递送作用几乎完全被抑制。

The invention relates to a processing method of preventing frostbite and restarting of hydrogen electric pile, whose characteristic lies in the treating processes includes: When the electric pile turns off, the unsaturated fuel gas or the nitrogen, through the circle boast to clean the dissociate water; drying the MEA film module to keep the water content below the stipulated temperature which does not ice up; then the recycle gas through a wet exchanger to dry and the dried gas is continue used in the dry pile step; when restarting the electric pile, the recycle gas must heats then through the pile to elevate the temperature, then heats the fuel gas and the oxidant of the gas source, through the weting of the wet exchanger enters to the calefactive pile, enhances the wet step of the film module in the pile, starts the power output of the pile.

本发明涉及一种氢电堆的防冻和重新启动时的处理方法，其特征在于处理过程包括：电堆停机时，将水蒸气不饱和的燃料气体或氮气，通过循环吹扫除去电堆的游离水；干燥其中的MEA膜组件，使膜组件含水量降低到规定低温下不结冰的程度；而后再令循环气体通过一个湿交换机将循环气体干燥，以及被干燥后的循环气体继续用来干燥电堆的步骤；在电堆重新启动时，须将循环气体加热后通过电堆，使电堆升温，然后再将气源的燃料气及氧化剂加热，通过湿交换机加湿后进入已升温的电堆，提高电堆中膜组件的湿度的步骤，开始电堆的功率输出。

The SEM graphs showed that PAO1 only can form scattered cenobium in iron-depletion environment.

PAO-JP2正常情况下形成的被膜结构就很不典型，菌团小且稀疏、散在的细菌多；缺铁时仅可观察到少量单个菌体黏附在硅胶膜表面。

In the below renal capsule group, bilateral skin and muscle was incised at the costovertebral angle step by step to expose the bilateral kidney thoroughly, and the integrated ovary was pushed in the kidney by the micro-surgical forceps.

肾被膜移植组：在肋脊角处逐层切开两侧的皮肤和肌肉，充分暴露小鼠双侧肾脏，用显微手术镊将完整卵巢由肾被膜切口移入肾脏下端。

Results: The cultured chondrocytes were polygonal cells. There were many rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in cytoplasm, and a lot of secretory vesicles under cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. When cultured for 10 days, some small and white nodules were formed on the bottom of the culture dished, and volcanic-mouth-like structures were formed when cultured for 20 days. Both these nodules and structures contained GAG-positive substances were demonstrated by safranine-O staining.

结果：体外培养的软骨细胞为多角形，透射电镜下见胞浆内有丰富的粗面内质网系统及线粒体，胞膜下及胞浆中有较多分泌泡；连续培养10天时，培养瓶底部出现肉眼可见的白色结节，蕃红-O染色显示白色结节含大量氨基葡聚糖阳性物质，20天时形成火山口样结构，也被蕃红-O染成深红色。

HI resulted in the activation of JAKs-STATs pathway in the subventricular zone and choroids plexus, and this pathway might participated in the pathophysiological process of PVL.

HI后侧脑室室管膜下区和脉络丛JAKs-STATs途径被激活，该途径可能参与PVL的病理生理过程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。