被动系统

Secondly, the direct demodulation detection system of 8mm wave band 32-channel on the background of millimeter-wave focal plane imaging is built, according to millimeter-wave passive detection theory, at the same time, the principle experiment is carried out, and the basic theory of millimeter-wave detection are confirmed.

其次，根据被动毫米波探测理论搭建了以毫米波焦平面成像为应用背景的8mm波段32通道直接检波式探测系统，并进行了原理性实验，验证了被动毫米波探测的基本理论。

Among them very multinomial and direct or indirect design reachs relevant industry to sensor, detailed situation is as follows: The computer reachs peripheral equipment: Hold pattern recognition of GPS receiver, graph and processing system; Microelectronics and photoelectron yuan parts of an apparatus: Cadmium of parts of an apparatus of coupling of CCD photoelectricity carry on one's shoulder, tellurium is mercuric , infra-red detector; CMOS image sensor; Communication equipment reachs a product: Smooth communication is metric with the instrument that monitor; Civil spacecraft reachs ground facilities: Spacecraft is lukewarm control a product; Automation machinery reachs device: Industrial robot and intelligent robot; Electromechanical key foundation: Intelligent air cylinder, intelligence changes model carapace breaker (voltage 380V, 660V, voltaic 1000A), prevent adopt device of dead apply the brake , the electron controls vehicle of the automatic gear-box, dynamoelectric steering gear that help strength, car to carry diagnostic system, gasoline engine electronic-controlled engine of device, derv is electronic-controlled car of device, alternative fuel changes device, car; Instrument appearance reachs a system: GPS car fixed position, monitoring calls the police attemper system, colliery installs all inspection to measure general management system, hydroelectric station to monitor control system, automatic cruise automatically to control a system (the car is auxiliary drive system), the electron collects fees administrative system (ceaseless car electron pays cost the system), two-phase; New-style medical apparatus and instruments: Medical sensor; Inorganic metalloid material: Component of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report, lukewarm characteristic thermal resistor ; New-style the sources of energy reachs equipment: The solar battery reachs package; The environment monitors an instrument: Monitor appearance, CO automatically to monitor appearance, automatic acid rain automatically sampler and determine appearance, soot, dust is automatic sampler and determine appearance, flue gas is automatic sampler and determine steam of end of appearance, car determines automatically appearance, portable poisonous and harmful gas determines quality of air of type of appearance, flow; The exploration of the sources of energy and mineral products resource develops device: MWD is followed get oil of logging instrument, numerical control monitor below well of deep well logging instrument, colliery reach calamity to forecast; The project measures and equipment of earthly physics observation: Project acceleration measures system, much general to strap weather radar (use be concerned with or double polarization technology), intelligence atmosphere sensor (contain lukewarm, press, irradiation level of wet, wind, precipitation, dew point, sun), personal computer control is automatic and perpendicular artesian well system , marine atmosphere; 1 2 of on one page issues one page

主动化机械及行动措施：工业机械人和智能机械人；机电要害根本件：智能气缸、智能化塑壳断路器（电压380V、660V，电流1000A）、防抱死制动安装、电子节制主动变速箱、电动助力转向安装、汽车车载诊断系统、汽油策念头电控安装、柴油策念头电控安装、代用燃料汽车转换安装、汽车前进前辈电子传感器、高效汽车尾气净化安装、柴油策念头高压供油系统（≥1600Bar）、车辆动静节制系统、被动悬架系统、汽车防碰撞安装、汽车电子防盗安装、车内情况智能节制系统、汽车能源多能源治理系统、空气悬架系统、电子制动系统；仪器仪表及系统：GPS汽车定位、监控报警调剂系统、煤矿安好检测综合治理系统、水电站主动监测节制系统、主动巡航节制系统、电子收费治理系统、两相流量固体流量计、现场总线智能仪表；新型医疗器械：医用传感器；无机非金属材料：压电陶瓷元件、正温特征热敏电阻；新型能源及装备：太阳能电池及组件；情况监测仪器：主动监测仪、CO主动监测仪、主动酸雨采样器及测定仪、烟尘、粉尘主动采样器及测定仪、烟气主动采样器及测定仪、汽车尾汽主动测定仪、便携式有毒有害气体测定仪、流动式空气品质监测车、间歇式空气中有机传染物主动分析仪、COD主动在线监测仪BOD主动在线监测仪、浊度和电导主动在线监测仪、DO主动在线监测仪、TOC主动在线监测仪、TOD主动在线监测仪、氨氮主动在线监测仪、油份测定仪、多性能水质现场监测仪、车载型X萤光测试仪、噪声频谱分析仪、振动仪、辐射剂量监测仪、射线分析测试仪、CH主动监测仪；能源和矿产资本的勘察开辟行动措施：MWD随钻测井仪、数控石油深井测井仪、煤矿井下监测及灾难预告；工程测量和地球物理观测行动措施：工程加速度测量系统、多普勒天气雷达、智能型气象形象传感器(含温、压、湿、风、降水、露点、太阳辐照度)、微机节制主动垂直钻井系统、船用气象形象仪、磁通门罗盘和电位计罗盘、测波仪、智能型大陆水质监测用化学传感器(陆续工作3-6个月)、海流测量仪器（操纵声学、机械、电磁办法）、走航式声学多普勒海流剖面仪、声学应答开释器、声学水位计、近海深浪潮汐测量系统；农业工程行动措实行动措施：农业工程行动措施情况计较机主动节制行动措施、温室浇灌营养液主动设置装备摆设与施肥行动措施、巷道式智能化孵化器。

In order to develop the passive acoustic intelligent mines for antihelicopter and anti-tank, this thesis systematically investigates the passive localization principle of acoustic array and some methods for tracking helicopters and tanks.

为反直升机、反坦克被动声探测智能地雷研制的需要，本文系统地探讨和分析了智能地雷被动声阵列定位原理，研究了智能地雷实现直升机、坦克目标定位的滤波、跟踪技术。

The hydraulic active vibration isolation technique attracts much attention recent years. In 1991, TOYOTA developed an active hydro-pneumatic suspension system for the SOARER car, which was composed of the pressure proportional valve and the hyaro-pneumatic cylinder. Comparing with the conventional passive suspensions, this system can provide a better ride comfort and handling.

计算机控制的液压主动隔振系统是国外近年来研究和应用较多的一种隔振系统。90年代初，日本丰田汽车公司在其部分高级轿车上安装了一种由压力比例阀和油气缸组成的液压主动悬架系统，与传统的被动悬架相比，该系统能更有效地隔绝路面不规则对车体的扰动和减小转弯、刹车等情况下车体姿势的变化。

While this situation is inadaptable for quantified description of time error in distributed cooperative measurement,this paper,integrat...

基于此，结合误差分析理论和网络被动测量的具体特点，提出了针对单点双信道被动测量系统的一般性时钟误差概率模型，引入误差不确定度来定量描述协调测量结果的精确度和合理性。

On the other hand, from the point of view of work manner, thedetecting systems can be classified two kinds: the active and the passive systems. Althoughthe passive detecting system can\'t get so much information as the active one, it has itsspecial characteristic. For instance, the passive system is immune to the radar clutter. It issecreting and has no electromagnetic pollution due to none of radialization. The passivesystem also has excellent capability of detecting the target covered with the stealth material.

从工作方式来看，探测系统还可分为主动和被动两种方式，虽然主动工作方式可以获得关于目标的更多信息，但是被动工作方式也有其不可替代的特性，如不受闪烁效应的影响；由于本身不发射电磁波，因而没有电磁污染及工作比较隐密；对覆盖吸波材料的目标探测能力很强等。

Because thedetecting of the metal object is important in both military and civil applications, wefocused on the aim and do lots of measurement of the radiometric characteristic ofseveral objects correlating to the metal detecting and got the datum. We also completedthe inversion algorithm of retrieving the brightness temperature from the measureddatum.2 The radiometer is the apparatus of incepting the MMW radialization and is the key partof all passive MMW detecting and imaging system. Our emphasis of radiometerresearch was on a kind of AC radiometer, we discussed its principium, composing andthe recovery of its distorted output signal. Finally we gave out the design of the ACradiometer.3 The focal plane system is the main passive MMW detecting and imaging system atpresent.

由于对金属目标的探测在军民应用两方面都很重要，因此文中围绕着对金属目标探测这一中心，对几种相关物体的毫米波辐射特性进行了大量测量实验，获得了相关数据，并进行了亮温反演，给出了计算结果。2毫米波辐射计是接收物体毫米波辐射的高灵敏度接收机，是所有被动毫米波探测成像应用的核心部件，因此文中对毫米波辐射计进行了相关研究，重点研究了用于扫描探测的交流辐射计的原理、构成及其失真信号的补偿问题，并完成了一种交流辐射计的系统设计。3毫米波焦平面系统是当前被动毫米波探测成像的主流系统。

Because thedetecting of the metal object is important in both military and civil applications, wefocused on the aim and do lots of measurement of the radiometric characteristic ofseveral objects correlating to the metal detecting and got the datum. We also completedthe inversion algorithm of retrieving the brightness temperature from the measureddatum.2 The radiometer is the apparatus of incepting the MMW radialization and is the key partof all passive MMW detecting and imaging system. Our emphasis of radiometerresearch was on a kind of AC radiometer, we discussed its principium, composing andthe recovery of its distorted output signal. Finally we gave out the design of the ACradiometer.3 The focal plane system is the main passive MMW detecting and imaging system atpresent.

由于对金(来源：ABc1C论文8f8f网www.abclunwen.com)属目标的探测在军民应用两方面都很重要，因此文中围绕着对金属目标探测这一中心，对几种相关物体的毫米波辐射特性进行了大量测量实验，获得了相关数据，并进行了亮温反演，给出了计算结果。2毫米波辐射计是接收物体毫米波辐射的高灵敏度接收机，是所有被动毫米波探测成像应用的核心部件，因此文中对毫米波辐射计进行了相关研究，重点研究了用于扫描探测的交流辐射计的原理、构成及其失真信号的补偿问题，并完成了一种交流辐射计的系统设计。3毫米波焦平面系统是当前被动毫米波探测成像的主流系统。

Lastly, in accordance with the actual situations of the prototype structure of mosque pagoda, based on the similar relation of model experiments, a model structure of mosque pagoda with a similar coefficient of 1/10 is designed and fabricated. Earthquake simulating shaking table tests are performed on the model structure of pagoda in the cases the AB type passive control system with SMA dampers is erected or unerected. The leading earthquake responses like the relative drift at the top of the main tower and the small tower, interstory drift ratio, acceleration, and cracking process of the pagodas body etc. are studied. The operational behaviors involving the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity is tested for passive control system with SMA dampers under the earthquake excitation, and the corresponding control mechanism and regularity is also analyzed. Furthermore, the performance changes and protection effectiveness is comprehensively evaluated while the model structure of pagoda is seismically protected or not.

最后，根据光塔原型结构的实际情况，以模型试验的相似关系为基础，设计并制作了一个相似系数S，为1/10的光塔模型结构，并先后进行了未安装和安装A、B型SMA阻尼器被动控制系统光塔模型结构的地震模拟振动台试验，研究了模型结构在3种不同工况下，主塔顶部和小塔顶部的相对位移、层间位移角和加速度以及塔体开裂等光塔结构的主要地震反应，测试了SMA阻尼器被动控制系统在地震激励下的变形能力和消能能力等工作性能，分析了相应的控制机理和控制规律，并从总体上评价了光塔模型结构抗震保护前后的性能变化和保护效果。

With advances in electronics and control technology, active suspension offers a solution to the contradictions between ride quality, running stability and curve negotiation.

但由于转向架上的被动悬挂系统仅针对固定的车辆模型和激扰而设计，以及由于悬挂空间的限制，使得被动悬挂系统具有很大的局限性。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。