衰落中的

The past research focused comprador's rise and economic activities of the 19th century, and usually considered that the comprador decline in the 20th century.

在以往的研究中，较多关注十九世纪买办的兴起及其社会状况，而一般认为到了二十世纪以后买办逐渐走向衰落。

It is widely considered that the Law of Tort shows a trend to dwindle and should be considered and estimated again.

人们普遍认为侵权行为法在现代社会的急剧变化中也呈现出衰落的趋势，因而需要对它进行重新思考和评价。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

The traditional unitary space-time modulation system is generally based on the assumption of independent and identically distributed channel coefficients. However, this condition is hard to satisfy in practice, the spatial correlation among antennas deteriorates the performance.

传统的酉空时系统，通常假设信道衰落系数之间相互独立，这个条件在实际系统中却很难满足，天线之间的空间相关性造成系统性能恶化。

This paper focuses on the RAKE receiving technique in UWB communication.

Rake 接收技术是一种在宽带CDMA 系统中广泛使用的抗多径衰落技术。

Digital signal transmission in the wireless channel, due to the various conditions of access, such as...

数字信号在无线信道中传输时，由于受到各种信道条件的影响，如多经径、衰落、干扰和噪声，接收信号不可避免地会发生错误。

The performance of the concatenated scheme is investigated by both the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.

我们提出将LDPC与MIMO级联起来的方法，并在衰落信道中进行仿真。

Compared with commission plan and mayor-council, the city-manager plan has proved very successful by improving performance of municipal administration effectively to meet the need of city development, and has been widely adopted by various sizes of cities.

在此过程中，委员会制逐步衰落；市长暨议会制虽无较大起落，但其主要形式已过渡为&强市长型&；城市经理制显示出强大的生命力，它有效地改善了市政管理，适应了城市发展的需要，被越来越多的城市相继采用，成为美国城市中采用面最广的市政体制。

The Hellenistic has always been considered as the decline phase of speculative philosophy. Most literates think that the interest on epistemology and ontology in the classical tradition of Greek has been changed to the pursuit of serene soul during this period. Among them, the theory of Stoicism, especially the Mediation of Marcus Aurelius which is the representative of the late stoicism, in such trend of research, has also been identified as an ethic work.

晚期希腊一直被视为思辨哲学衰落时段，大部分学者认为在这个时期，希腊古典传统中对知识论、存在论问题的兴趣转向了对如何获得内心安宁的追求，其中斯多亚学派的学说，尤其是晚期斯多亚学派的代表马可·奥勒留的《沉思录》也在这样的研究倾向中被定位为伦理学的著作。

Furthermore, the RAKE combining technique is used to improve the performance of the receiver in Rayleigh fading channels.

进一步采用RAKE技术，提高了Rayleigh衰落信道中接收机的性能。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。