衰老

When EGTA (Ca〓 chelator), Verapmil and LaCl〓(Ca〓 channel blockers) were used to treat tomato fruit at green mature and strawberry fruit at white stage with ethylene, they could reverse ethylene-induced increase in ethylene production in tomato and strawberry, PG activity, lycopene content, soluble protein content in cell wall in tomato and degradation in soluble protein in strawberry, which indicated blocking Ca〓 channel in plasma membrane or chelating Ca〓 can decrease intracellular Ca〓, further inhibite ethylene-induced maturation, ripening and senescence of fruit.

用质膜钙通道阻断剂异博定、钙通道Ca〓竞争性抑制剂以及Ca〓专一性螯合剂与乙烯一起处理绿熟期番茄果实和乳白期草莓果实，均可抑制乙烯诱导番茄和草莓的乙烯生成、番茄PG活性的提高、番茄红素含量的增加和细胞壁可溶性蛋白含量的增加以及草莓可溶性蛋白的分解，表明阻断质膜Ca〓通道或螯合胞外Ca〓以减少胞内Ca〓能抑制乙烯对果实的催熟作用，间接证明乙烯对果实成熟衰老的诱导与胞外Ca〓内流引起的胞质Ca〓浓度的增加密切相关，表明乙烯信号转导可能与钙信使有关，调节胞质Ca〓浓度可调节乙烯对果实的催熟作用。

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

Sunbathing can slow the ageing process by up to five years, according to new research.

英研究人员一项最新的研究显示，多晒太阳可减缓人体的衰老进程，而在这一过程之中起关键作用的是维生素D。

There are a number of lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic of human aging in skeletal muscle.

有许多证据支持这一假设的线粒体功能障碍的一个特点是人类衰老骨骼肌。

One line of eidence supporting the connection is that defects in certain genes needed for DNA repair produce maladies that mimic those of accelerated aging.

支持这种关系的证据是需要修复的特定基因的损伤产生疾病例如加速衰老。

The results indicated that with the increasing of storage time, the leaves etiolated, contents of crude-fiber increased, while vitamin C, chlorogenic acid decreased, nitrate contents up to the maximum at the 3th day after storage , then decreased gradually. Stored at 2℃, the contents of chlorophyll, vitamin C, chlorogenic acid were higher, nitrate and crude-fiber contents were lower. The lower of membrane permeability and MDA content, the higher activity of SOD significantly delayed senescence process and prolonged storage life of Taraxacum mongolicum.

结果表明：采后蒲公英随着贮藏天数的增加，叶片逐渐黄化，粗纤维的含量升高，维生素C和绿原酸含量下降，硝酸盐含量先升高后降低；2℃下贮藏能够使采后蒲公英具有较高的叶绿素、维生素C、绿原酸，较低的硝酸盐和粗纤维含量，较低的细胞膜渗透率、MDA含量和较高的SOD活性，显著地延缓其衰老进程，延长贮藏寿命。

After bursting open a door of idiotic obstinacy with a weak rattle in its throat, you fell into Tellson's down two steps, and came to your senses in a miser-able little shop, with two little counters, where the oldest of men made your cheque shake as if the wind rustled it, while they examined the signature by the dingiest of windows, which were always under a shower-bath of mud from Fleet-street, and which were made the dingier by their own iron bars proper, and the heavy shadow of Temple Bar.

它的大门白痴式地顽固，在被你硬推开时，它的喉咙会发出一声微弱的咕哝，让你一个趔趄直落两步台阶掉进银行，等到你定过神来，就已进入了一个可怜的店堂。那儿有两个小柜台，柜台边衰老不堪的办事员在最阴暗的窗户前核对签字时，会弄得你的支票簌簌发抖，仿佛有风在吹着。那窗户永远有从舰队街上飞来的泥水为它洗淋浴，又因它自己的铁栅栏和法学会的重重蔽障而更加阴暗。

As a critic gets older,he or she usually grows more tetchy and.may even become a big - league scoldJames Wolcott

当一个批评家衰老的时候，通常变得更为暴躁…甚至会成为一流的骂街者

As a critic gets older,he or she usually grows more tetchy and.may even become a big - league scold James Wolcott

当一个批评家衰老的时候，通常变得更为暴躁…甚至会成为一流的骂街者

When you see that that's impossible - that a duck must be a duck and a chicken must be a chicken, and that the bodies have to get old and die - you will find courage and energy.

当了解那是不可能时——鸭就是鸭，鸡就是鸡，身体一定会衰老与死，你就会得到勇气与活力。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。