衰减

They can be classificated to two kinds. One kind is build by photomultiplier; another kind is build by MCP. The mechanism of delayed luminescence is discussed with subradiation. A photon count system is built. To proof the biophoton is a kind of ultra weak photon stream originate from exothermic reaction, and primarily discuss the relationship between the delayed luminescence and proteins activity, we chose microphyllous banyan leave , ficus elastica leave, gingkgo leave, Chinese fan palm leave, and cinnamomum camphora leave as biological samples. The ultra weak photon emission from normal biosamples, and proteins inactivated biosample were measured separately with photon count system. The results showed that the delayed luminescence of biosamples have

在研究过程中，作者从辐射陷获的角度讨论了延迟发光的产生机制，对生物光子的生物化学起源与相干场起源的统一性进行了探索；自行搭建了单光子探测系统；测量了小叶榕树、印度橡树，银杏树，蒲葵树香和樟树等多种植物叶片样品的延迟发光，获得了大量实验数据；为了证明生物光子是一种起源于放热化学反应能量释放的微弱光子流，并初步探讨生物蛋白活性与延迟发光衰减之间的关系，测量了正常生物样品、生物蛋白灭活样品的延迟发光，同时测量了多种不含蛋白质的无机化学体系作为比对，实验结果和实验数据的回归分析表明：弱光子发射来源于放热的化学反应，延迟发光的强度与衰减时间与生物蛋白活性密切相关。

Main contents and conclusions are: 1 The ionization current was measured continuously by a charge-integration method with a computer after the introduction of radon into the chamber.

主要内容及结论：1充氡后利用计算机连续进行电离电流累积测量，得到了精细的电流随时间的变化曲线，可清楚看出氡及其子体的生成衰变造成的电离电流的生长—稳定—衰减过程，与理论计算值进行了比较，由电离电流衰减速度的变化得出氡吸附作用的影响，并测量到电离室冲洗后氡的反扩散现象；2由已知活度的标准源定出相对测量的刻度系数K值，K=24.62 Bq／pA，对同一个监测源以半年为周期进行多次测量后得出稳定性符合要求；3通过测量电离电流和气压的关系曲线以及不同气压下的饱和曲线，确定了常规的工作条件；4测量了盐酸清洗电离室内表面降低本底的效果；5不确定度分析表明相对测氡的扩展不确定度(k=2)小于5％，由本底涨落得出探测下限为0.5 Bq；6理论上对壁损失修正进行了计算，实验上保持电离室工作在饱和区的情况下，测量了不同气压下电离电流的变化，从中得出了壁损失随气压变化的规律，可以看出，电离电流的实测值和计算值随气压变化规律基本一致；当气压大于125 kPa时，端效应等其它因素造成的影响不大于2％，因而在此工作条件下，测量电离电流后通过计算修正壁损失可以实现近似的绝对测氡，提出了进一步提高绝对测量准确度的方法。

The polarization stability of the samples poled by constant voltage corona charging was investigated by means of measuring the open-circuit thermally stimulated discharge current-temperature spectrum, the electro-optical coefficient and the isothermal surface potential decay.

样品用恒压电晕充电法极化，通过测量电光效应的等温衰减监测偶极子有序取向稳定性，用开路热刺激放电、等温表面电位衰减测量等手段分析了材料的电荷动态特性。

The reasons for losses of Laser Diode communication in air were analyzed and the method of reducing the losses was put forward.

分析了大气通信中能量衰减的原因，提出了减小衰减的方法。

K.The influences of longitudinal phonon and transverse phonon on the magnon damping are compared,and the influences of all relevant parameters on magnon damping are also discussed.

比较了纵向声子与横向声子对磁振子衰减的影响，也讨论了各项参数的变化对磁振子衰减的影响。

In Chapter 5, some knowledge about large-scale system and methods for investigating them are introduced, Lyapunov function, differential inequality, Razumikhin theorem, matrix norm and measure methods have been used to discuss the stability of uncertain large-scale system with delays and decay estimates for uncertain time-varying large-scale system with delays, the criteria of stability and decay estimates for uncertain large-scale system with delays are given.

第五章首先介绍了大系统的有关知识以及时滞大系统研究的方法，然后利用Lyapunov函数法、微分不等式法、Razumikhin定理法、矩阵范数与测度法研究了不确定定常时滞大系统的稳定性以及不确定时变时滞大系统的稳定性与系统衰减率的估计问题，得到了系统稳定的判别条件以及系统衰减率的估计。

According to the state equation of dynamic system,the paper puts forward the calculating method of attenuation function of vibration mode by making use of system matrix.

根据运动系统的状态方程，利用系统矩阵得出了振型衰减函数的计算方法，并用衰减函数分析了刚度变化对高振型的影响，从而对地震作用计算中振型数目选取提出了几点有益的建议。

In the investigation of Cu-Zn-Al SMA, the influence of quenching speed, shape memory thermal treatment on SME, microstructure and morphologies was discussed. The changes in morphology and interfaces were in situ metallographic observed during thermal cyclings in order to control the degradation of two way shape memory effect . The stabilization of stress induced martensite variants method and the accordingly changes in microstructure were studied in detail. The mechanism was also compared between SSIM and TWME training method. From the above in situ observation results, the interface structure and especially the twin related A: B type variant pair were examined by HREM to clarify the role of movability of interfaces and the changes in variants orientation in inducing the degradation of the TWME. During developing the Ni-Ti-Hf SMA melt spinning ribbon, it was found the morphology and structure embodied the SME and was directly effected by chemical composition and technique factors, such as the different content of Hf, the speed of copper roller rotation and etc. Therefore, the morphology and structure were extensively examined.

在对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金研究中，研究了提高记忆效应的热处理淬火速度、记忆热处理方式对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金组织结构的影响；为了弄清双程记忆效应衰减的原因，原位动态观察了热循环过程中，合金组织形貌及界面的变化；因形状记忆合金必须经记忆训练才能具有双程记忆效应，系统地研究了应力诱发马氏体稳定化训练方法和这种方法引起的双程记忆合金组织结构的变化，比较了它与双程记忆效应训练方法诱发TWME机制的异同；因在原位动态观察中发现界面可动性及两侧变体取向的变化，伴随着记忆效应的衰减，用HREM详细研究了变体的界面结构，特别是A：B型变体界面结构及变体内部结构。

The results indicate that the amount of chloride ion sedimentation is attenuated by the natural logarithm function of distance from external surface of the sample,and the corresponding attenuation rate is changed greatly by the ratio of water to cement and mineral admixture such as slag. Chloride ion is mainly deposited in surface zone under dry-wet cycle condition.

试验结果表明：混凝土内部不同位置处水溶性氯离子的沉积量与离表面的距离之间存在自然对数的衰减关系，且混凝土的水胶比和矿渣等因素对其衰减速率存在较大的影响。

The study on the attenuation law with statistic analysis and dimension analysis reveals that the attenuation index, closely relative to the properties of soil mass, can be expressed as a third order polynomial of vibrating frequency f.

用统计分析和量纲分析的方法研究了强夯振动的衰减规律，发现强夯振动衰减指数与场地岩土体的性质密切相关，可表示为振动频率的三次多项式的形式，为强夯振动的频域分析以及利用强夯振动研究岩土体的性质奠定了基础。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。