表面面积

The present invention provides a direct-type backlight having: a resin sealing member including at least one resin layer, which has a light reflecting section formed on the outermost surface of the resin sealing member; an optical semiconductor element sealed by the resin sealing member; and plural circular light scattering grooves formed concentrically on at least one surface of the resin layer, wherein an area of a circle in the center and an area among the respective concentric circles are substantially the same.

本发明提供了一种直下式背光，包括：树脂密封元件，其包含有至少一个树脂层，该树脂层具有形成在所述树脂密封元件最外表面上的光反射部分；由所述树脂密封元件密封的光学半导体元件；和以同心圆形式形成在所述树脂层至少一个表面上的多个圆形光散射凹槽，其中在中心的圆的面积与在各个同心圆之间的面积大致相等。

Both of the ESD were proportional to kVp 2.2 to kVp 2.5 and were linear proportion to mAs. Inverse square law exists in the relationship of focus-film distance, FFD, and ESD. The impacts of field size and patient thickness to ESD are negligible. Optimized operating condition is chosen to improve the diagnosis rate and to reduce the patient dose. The ESD, 0.12±0.06 mGy, performing the optimized operating condition of chest x-ray examinations, is less than both values of reference doses recommended by NRPB and IAEA.

研究结果发现，入射表面剂量随操作条件而变，以相同的条件照射，三相位X光机所造成表面剂量大约是单相位X光机的1.9倍；入射表面剂量与kVp的2.2至2.5次方成比例，与mAs约成线性正比，与焦斑至底片距离的关系大约符合平方反比定律；照野面积及身体厚度虽会影响表面剂量的大小，但其程度远低於kVp及mAs的影响。

The scale-type geometric wear-resistant structure surface is characterized in being made up of a base and the bionic geometric units on the surface. The bionic geometric structure unit is a scale-type structure distributed regularly on the surface of the base, and the distribution density is that: the ratio between the geometric projection area of the scale-type structure on the base surface and the surface area of the base formed by all the edge ends is 50-100%; the scale-type geometric structure unit has a symmetric hexagon shape on the surface; the sides L2/L1=1.0-2.0, L1: 1mm-50mm, and the internal angle Alpha is 120 degree -130 degree, the internal angle Beta is 100 degree -110 degree; the A-A section is subtriangular, and the B-B section is a trapezoid, the height H of the scale-type is 1-5mm.

本发明由基体和其表面上的仿生几何结构单元组成，仿生几何结构单元为在基体表面规律分布的鳞片型结构，鳞片型的分布密度为：其在基体表面上的几何投影面积之和与所有棱端围成的基体表面积之比为50-100％，鳞片型几何结构单元的表面形状为对称六边形结构：边长L2/L1＝1.0-2.0，L1：1mm-50mm，内角α为120°-130°，内角β为100°-110°，鳞片型的A-A截面为近似三角形，B-B截面为梯形，鳞片型的高度H为1-5mm。

ST depression in transmural ischaemia was generated with ST elevation and was an integral part of the current source.

利用心肌的双域模型计算机模拟了不同区域心肌透壁缺血时ST 段位移在心脏表面的分布，发现心脏表面ST 段位移的分布式样和缺血区域大小有关，一个小面积的透壁缺血在缺血区上出现均匀分布的ST 段上升，而在心脏表面的其他部位上几乎没有出现ST 段下降；一个大面积的缺血像左降支或左旋支区域的缺血， ST 段位移在心脏表面的左侧区出现了一个偶极子式的分布，在缺血区为ST 段上升，在正常区为ST 段下降，并且其幅度随远离缺血边界而减小；同时发现透壁缺血时的ST 段下降是缺血电流源的不可分割的一部分。

A isotherm of a monolayer at air-water interface for a quaternary ammonium salt type trimeric surfactant (shortly called 12-2-12-2-12) was investigated by the Langmuir balance technology. The surface tension at collapse pressure,γ, and the molecular limited area, A, were determined and compared with the surface tension of the surfactant solution at CMC concentration,γ.

利用Langmuir膜天平研究了季铵盐三聚表面活性剂12-2-12-2-12在空气－水界面单分子膜的表面压－分子面积等温线，得到它的崩溃压对应的表面张力γ(下标 collapse)和分子极限面积A。

For thin polycrystalline films, especially those with columnar structure, once the diameter of grains on the film surface is larger than the film thickness, the total area of above and under basal planes (film-substrate interface) will be larger than that of side plane.

对于薄膜特别是柱状晶薄膜，当晶粒在膜平面内的尺寸大于膜厚时，柱状晶粒的上底面和下底面的面积将大于侧面的面积，因此薄膜中的晶粒生长除像整体材料中的晶粒生长一样考虑晶界能外，还需要考虑表面能和界面能，因为各向异性的表面能和界面能将导致薄膜中的异常晶粒生长和织构变化。

For thin polycrystalline films, especially those with columnar structure, once the diameter of grains on the film surface is larger than the film thickness, the total area of above and under basal planes (film-substrate interface) will be larger than that of side plane. Therefore besides the minimization of boundary energy in traditional bulk material, surface energy, interface energy would be considered due to the anisotropy of surface energy, interface energy being able to drive the grain growth and texture evolution in thin films.

对于薄膜特别是柱状晶薄膜，当晶粒在膜平面内的尺寸大于膜厚时，柱状晶粒的上底面和下底面的面积将大于侧面的面积，因此薄膜中的晶粒生长除像整体材料中的晶粒生长一样考虑晶界能外，还需要考虑表面能和界面能，因为各向异性的表面能和界面能将导致薄膜中的异常晶粒生长和织构变化。

Long-necked valve cover design mainly the design of the neck length L, L refers to the stuffing to the bottom of the sealing seat surface distance (Figure 1), which, and the material thermal conductivity, thermal conductivity and surface area factor, cooling 隔膜阀 area, and other factors, more complicated calculation, generally obtained from the experiment.

长颈阀盖的设计主要是颈部长度L的设计，L指的是填料函底部到上密封座上表面的距离（如图1），它和材料的导热系数、导热面积及平衡阀表面散热系数、散热面积等因素有关，计算比较繁琐，一般由实验法求得。

Section method is to split the pit slope surface into several trapezoids so as to calculate their surface area;through a digital survey of the pit slope surface,a numerical elevation model is set up,on the surface the triangular mesh is built,and all the triangular meshes are piled up to get the surface area.

小三角锁法是通过对宕口坡表面数字化测量，根据测量数据建立数字高程模型，并在表面建立小三角锁，对所有小三角的面积累加得到面积的一种方法。小三角锁法大大提高了计算的准确度和效率。

A surface evaporating air cooler heat exchange tube with membrane plate can improve the water membrane area and improve the evaporation heat transmission, without significant wind resistance.

带有增膜板的表面蒸发空冷器换热管束，属于表面蒸发式空冷器的组成部件，特别涉及表面蒸发空冷器换热管束，以有效扩大水膜面积，强化蒸发传热，且不明显增加风阻。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。