表面粗糙的

This paper presented the research and exploration of mechanism and technics as well as the design of the magnetic circuit of this new compound machining, based on above, establishing the parameter model, meantime, analyzing influential effects on productivity of magnetic and EDM compound machining the holes through large numbers of experiments, including velcoity contrast experiments of pre-compound and after-compound machining with the change of current, velcoity contrast experiments of pre-compound and after-compound machining with the change of magnetic induction, velcoity contrast experiments of pre-compound and after-compound machining with the change of impulse width, experiments of the superficial roughness, experiments of the Electrode wastage, and intersectant experiments analysis as well as the change experiments of current waveforms. Through a number of experiments we analysed the influential effects of magnetic and EDM compound machining, compared the factors with EDM by oneself. A large of experiment records and deducibility have demonstrated that the productivity of magnetic and EDM compound machining is developed by 20%～400% than traditional EDM.

本论文对磁场电火花复合加工这种新的复合加工的机理、工艺和复合加工的磁路设计进行了研究和探索，在此基础上，建立了磁场电火花复合加工的参数模型，同时通过大量的随着电流变化磁场电火花复合前后加工速度对比实验、磁感应强度变化时的加工速度变化实验、随脉冲宽度变化的加工速度实验、表面粗糙度实验、电极损耗量实验、磁场电火花复合加工正交实验分析、电流波形变化等实验，实验分析了影响磁场电火花小孔加工效率的因素，并且跟单一的电火花加工中的影响因数进行了比较，大量的实验数据和理论推导证明磁场电火花复合加工比传统的单一电火花加工的效率提高了20％～400％左右。

The method of reading the line, arc, spine, tolerances, surface roughness and full messages of the part from DXF file generated by AutoCAD is mainly introduced. Based on the study of DXF, a program interface is developed, by which the data can be shared among different CAD systems. According to the different Characters, the respective tool paths are designed. And by a machine configure file, the General postposition process is deal with. On the research of thegeneral simulation technology that is based on the NC codes. By analyzing the characteristics of the CNC system and the NC codes, a set of general simulation interface is developed.

本文主要介绍如何从AutoCAD生成的DXF文件中读取直线、圆弧、样条曲线、尺寸公差、表面粗糙度等信息及零件的全局信息，结合回转体零件的特点，通过对应用广泛的DXF的深入分析，建立了与不同CAD系统实现数据共享的编程接口；根据零件的不同加工特征提出了相应的走刀路线，并通过机床配置文件，初步实现了通用后置处理；研究了数控系统和NC代码的特点，建立了仿真通用接口，并提出代码翻译地基本思路。

Results indicate that the stigmatic surface morphology of Pedicularis species is related to the type of corolla structure occurring in the species. Pollination studies in 8 Pedicularis species demonstrated adaptation between stigmatic surface morphology and other aspects of floral biology.

拥有更膨大，更粗糙的柱头表面特征的植物种类通常都是具喙或长管种类，而短管无齿种类的柱头平滑且无膨大，相反，对于长管具喙种类而言，柱头在膨大的同时，更形成了发达的"沟回"结构，这种柱头结构式样的不同直观、显著的改变了不同种类的传粉效率。

Results indicate that the stigmatic surface morphology of Pedicularis species is related to the type of corolla structure occurring in the species. Pollination studies in 8 Pedicularis species demonstrated adaptation between stigmatic surface morphology and other aspects of floral biology.

拥有更膨大，更粗糙的柱头表面特征的植物种类通常都是具喙或长管种类，而短管无齿种类的柱头平滑且无膨大，相反，对于长管具喙种类而言，柱头在膨大的同时，更形成了发达的&沟回&结构，这种柱头结构式样的不同直观、显著的改变了不同种类的传粉效率。

Calculates the coordinates of the spindle and drive shaft and checking the center distance, determined department spindle must use dislodges the gear.

根据柴油机齿轮室盖的结构特点、加工部位、尺寸精度、表面粗糙度及生产率等要求，确定该机床为单工位卧式组合机床；为确保加工精度，采用&一面两销&的定位方案；为实现无级调速，安全可靠，选择液压滑台；根据零件的大小及被加工孔的位置确定主轴箱的轮廓尺寸；由加工工艺选择滚珠轴承主轴，通过计算扭矩确定主轴和传动轴的直径；齿轮的模数是通过类比法确定；齿轮齿数和中间传动轴的位置是由&计算、作图和多次试凑&相结合的办法确定；计算主轴、传动轴的坐标并进行中心距验算，确定部分轴上需采用变位齿轮；轴上的齿轮套、键等零件按轴号选取相应的标准件。

This paper analyzed SEM characteristics, surface roughness and micro-hardness of electroformed composite electrode materials, and studied their electrical erosion resistance .

通过复合电铸技术，在耐电蚀性强的铜主体中引入抗电蚀性能优异的石墨微粉，制备了铜-石墨复合电极材料，探讨了复合电沉积条件与石墨含量的关系，用扫描电子显微镜分析了复合铸层的形貌特点，测定了表面粗糙度和显微硬度，试验研究了复合电极材料的抗电蚀能力。

The difficulties they endured can hardly be exaggerated: a steamship that nearly sank, extreme cold and snow, iced rivers, nearly impassable roads, broken down stagecoaches, etc. But all of that was put aside in their thirst to experience firsthand America's wilderness, Indians, the Southern peculiar institution, etc. They were ostensibly in America to study America's experiments in penitentiaries, which by modern standards were crude, cruel, and dehumanizing beyond belief, though only minimally grasped by Tocqueville.

他们所遭受的困难，也很难被夸大了：一轮船几乎沉没，极端寒冷和下雪，结冰的河流，几乎无法通行的道路，打破了stagecoaches等，但所有这一切是他们的渴望放在一边，体验美国的荒野，印第安人，南方特有的机构，等他们表面上在美国留学的监狱，而根据现代标准是粗糙的，残酷的美国的试验，以及难以置信灭绝人性，虽然只抓住了最小托克维尔。

It was found that the composite structure of Ti-Si-N films, nanocrystalline TiN embedded in amorphous Si_3N_4 matrix, was confirmed in this work. The increasing deposition pressure resulted in the appearance of columnar structure, decrease in the film density, increase in the surface roughness, and deterioration of the adhesion strength and tribological properties.

结果表明，Ti-Si-N薄膜为纳米相的TiN镶嵌于非晶态的Si_3N_4基体中的结构，溅射气压的增大导致薄膜中柱状晶的出现，薄膜致密度下降，表面粗糙度增加，结合力和摩擦学性能恶化。

Moreover, a belt planishing mill setting is one of the major sectors of the belt cold rolling sets, in which a steel roll annealed is received in the device from the last course, and after planished a steel belt with certain extensibility and surface roughness is gained. The steel belt, after having planished, has eliminated its yielding platform, and it can improve its quality outstandingly to meet with the increasing demands in the market.

而板带平整机组是板带冷轧机组中重要的一环，该区域设备承接经退火之后的钢卷，经平整后，得到有一定延伸率和表面粗糙度的钢带，平整后的钢带消除了屈服平台，可显著提高板带的质量，从而满足市场日益增长的要求。

Having research on the carves-milling machines cutting speed, the back eats the knife quantity, the side eats processing parameters and so on knife quantity and feed rate, analyzing the different cutting specifications to the surface roughness and the processing efficiency influence rule, thus provides the science basis for the using the carves-milling machine manufacture profiling that the new manufacture process the cutting specifications.

对主轴转速、背吃刀量、侧吃刀量和进给速度等加工参数进行了研究，得到了不同的切削用量对表面粗糙度和加工效率的影响规律，为应用雕铣机制造压型这一新工艺的切削用量的确定提供了科学的依据。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。