表面活性剂的

In this paper, through a series of experiments, two series of quaternary-ammounium Gemini surfactants were synthesized, namely the pair alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant m-s-m·2Br and the pair the alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant -s-·2Br. We has carried on the attribute with the infrared spectrum to its structure, and to affected the factor which the synthesis pair the alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant responded to carry on the discussion. We has discovered the synthesis pair the ethylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant m-2-m·2Br optimum condition: The bromo alkane and a tetramethyl ethylene diamine mole of ratio is 3.0: 1.0, makes the solvent by the ethyl alcohol, 80℃ under responds for 48 hours in the backflow temperature; Synthesis pair alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant 12-S-12 ·2Br optimum condition: 12 tertiary amine and 1, 3- propylene dibromide (1, 4- two bromines butane) a mole of ratio is 2.2: 1.0, makes the solvent by the ethyl alcohol, responds for 48 hours in the constant temperature 80 ℃ under backflow.

本文通过一系列的实验，合成了两个系列的Gemini型表面活性剂，即双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂m-s-m·2Br和双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂-s-·2Br，用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征，并且对影响合成双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂反应的因素进行了讨论，找出了合成双乙撑双季铵盐表面活性剂m-2-m·2Br的最佳条件：溴代烷与四甲基乙二胺的摩尔比为3.0：1.0，以乙醇作溶剂，在回流温度80℃下反应48小时；合成双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂12-s-12·2Br的最佳条件：十二叔胺与1，3-二溴丙烷(1，4-二溴丁烷)摩尔比为2.2：1.0，以乙醇作溶剂，在恒温80℃下回流反应48小时。

The macropolarity of diaspore surfaces is high, and the adsorbed layer formed in such a manner is sporadic.

当阳离子表面活性剂浓度增加时，一水硬铝石表面的微极性降低，阳离子表面活性剂在一水硬铝石表面形成了胶束吸附，形成胶束的表面活性剂离子的数随其浓度的增加而增加，表面疏水性逐渐增强，直至完全疏水。

In this paper, the surface tension in four types of surfactant solutions, such as SAS, 1631, CAB-35 and JFCS in different concentrations were tested by using automatic surface tensiometer and the critical micelle concentration of each surfactant solution was determined which could be used as the mixing concentration of four types of surfactant solutions and the experiments of effective simulation of dust-settling by spraying them in fully mechanized caving face were carried out.

应用全自动表面张力仪对SAS、1631、CAB-35和JFCS 4种表面活性剂溶液不同浓度下的表面张力进行了测试，确定其临界胶束浓度，并以此浓度作为4种表面活性剂溶液的配比浓度；对4种表面活性剂溶液进行了综放工作面喷雾降尘有效性模拟实验，实验结果表明，所选取用4种表面活性剂溶液降尘效率均比清水有较大提高，对呼尘的降尘效率皆在90%以上；表面张力较小是选定综放工作表面活性剂溶液的重要标准，但非唯一标准。

At present, a kind of novel surfactant oligomeric surfactant which have high surface activity have become one of focus on surfactant research. A typical example of them is dimeric or Gemini surfactant.

当前，一类新型的表面活性剂—低聚表面活性剂成为研究的热点，其中典型的例子是二聚表面活性剂，也称为双子表面活性剂。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

Its solution behaviors are similar to and even better than those of corresponding polyelectrolytes singly modified with the same hydrophobe to the added surfactant.

通过溶液共聚，将碳氢和氟碳这两种疏水单体无规地接枝到聚电解质主链上，得到的这类混合改性的聚电解质无论与碳氢小分子表面活性剂还是与氟碳小分子表面活性剂作用均表现出和同种大分子表面活性剂与小分子表面活性剂作用时相似甚至更好的缔合情形。

The results show that:(1) lower concentration or lower initial pH of citrate solution results in a better desorption efficiency;(2) sparging inert gas or adding surfactants into the liquid can lower the viscosity of the solution and the cavitating threshold, and raise the desorption efficiency of SO2;(3) by comparing the experimental results and theoretical analyses , it was concluded that the experimental results are in accordance with the theoretical analyses.

结果表明：(1)在柠檬酸钠浓度较低，或者柠檬酸钠溶液初始pH值较低的条件下均能产生较好的解吸效果；(2)少量惰性气体的通入或者表面活性剂的加入能够降低溶液黏度，产生空化效应，从而提高了SO2的解吸率；(3)通过对比实验证明解吸结果与理论分析相吻合，其研究结果为SO2的深度解吸提供了技术思路，也为该项技术的工业放大提供了一定的基础数据。

Comparison of Insecticidal Activities between Cyfluthrin and Its Preparation of Sample ( beta-cyfluthrin ) by Epimerization for the Army Worm;2. Toxicity and Field Effect of Different Ratios of Rotenone to Beta-cyfluthrin against Uroleucon gobonis;3. The relationship of the content of mixed surfactant , the content of co-surfactant and the maxium addition content of beta-cyfluthrin in the formation of beta-cyfluthrin microemulsion were studied, and a math theory model was established by using multivatiable linear regression analysis.

通过研究高效氟氯氰菊酯微乳剂形成过程中表面活性剂混剂、助表面活性剂与高效氟氯氰菊酯最大加入量的关系，利用多元回归处理方法，建立了表面活性剂混剂、助表面活性剂与高效氟氯氰菊酯最大加入量三者之间的数学模型；通过测定不同温度下高效氟氯氰菊酯的最大加入量，得出高效氟氯氰菊酯最大加入量随温度升高而增大的规律。

This method should not be limited to the combination of FC-4 with triblock copolymer surfactant, and many mixtures of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants can be used if they effectively form a regular mixed micella in solution with suitable interactions between the chosen surfactant and inorganic species.

用氟碳表面活性剂作为&共模板&，使高温合成介孔分子筛成为可能，只要选择合适的表面活性剂组合，使氟碳表面活性剂与碳氢表面活性剂可以形成混合胶束且在合成条件下它们与无机物种有合适的相互作用，则有可能在高温下合成一系列不同结构的稳定的介孔分子筛。

Starch nanoparticles have been prepared with W/O starch microemulsion as microreader and epichlorohydrin as cross-linking agent. The factors affecting the preparation of SN have been investigated via the characterization of TEM. The results show that the size and size distribution of SN are mainly controlled by the interfacial strength of microreactor, and the interfacial strength of microreactor is chiefly influenced by W value (the molar ratio of water / surfactant) and concentration of starch. The SN with controllable size and size distribution can be obtained by adjusting preparation parameters.

利用所得到的W／O型淀粉微乳液作为微型反应器，以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂制备出淀粉纳米粒，并借助透射电镜的表征研究了各制备因素的影响，研究结果表明：淀粉纳米粒的粒径及粒度分布主要受微型反应器的界面强度控制，而影响界面强度的因素主要是R值(即水与表面活性剂的摩尔比值)及淀粉液浓度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。