表面活性剂

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

There are three types of agents like Chemical, Surface-active and Enzymatic agents for this purpose..

有三种类型的代理商一样，化学，表面活性剂和酶代理商为此目的。。

So syntheses of CaCO_3 crystals in reverse micelle solutions containing 1-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-4-hydroxypolyethoxybenzene or poly-oxyethylenated alcohols (Tx-100 or AEO_9), SDS and their equimolar mixture were carried out at room temperature respectively.

通过初步的研究表明，高温时，等摩尔阴-阳离子表面活性剂复配体系有效地催化了非均相有机反应的进行。

Three polyphenols, scopoletin , rutin and esculetin, could be successfully separated by using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic method with non-ionic surfactant Tween 20 could successfully separate 3 polyphenols, scopoletin , rutin and esculetin.

采用非离子表面活性剂Tween20胶束电动毛细管色谱法，成功分离了莨菪亭、芸香苷和七叶亭3种多酚化合物。

It bears a great potential application in both industrial aspects as the enhancement of oil recovery and bioremediation of ecosystem due to its characteristics of thermophilic, facultatively anaerobic, biodegradation of hydrocarbons and production of biosurfactans, and in scientific sectors as build of genetically engineered bacteria due to its bearing functional genes and special enzymes.

由于其具有嗜热、兼性厌氧，降解烃和产生表面活性剂的特性，在微生物采油、环境治理等领域中有潜在应用价值；同时，这类细菌可能具有特殊的功能基因和特种酶，对构建工程菌亦具有重要的研究价值。

It bears a great potential application in both industrial aspects as the enhancement of oil recovery and bioremediation of ecosystem due to its characteristies of thermophilic, facultatively anaerobic, biodegradation of hydrocarbons and production of biosurfactana, and in scientific sectors as build of genetically engineered bacteria due to its bearing functional genes and special enzymes.

由于其具有嗜热、兼性厌氧，降解烃和产生表面活性剂的特性，在微生物采油、环境治理等领域中有潜在应用价值；同时，这类细菌可能具有特殊的功能基因和特种酶，对构建工程菌亦具有重要的研究价值。

Using diesel and paraffin chloride as disperse phase, the hydrophobic polymeric flocculant as flocculating agent, adding wetting reversed agent and frother to disperse phase, mixing those materials, the flotation agent, which is used to disposal oily waste water effectively is obtained.

用合成出来的疏水性高分子絮凝剂与表面活性剂（包括润湿反转剂和起泡剂），以及0#柴油和氯化石蜡-52复配叶轮气浮用浮选剂。

The method is based on the catalyzing effect of manganeseon oxidation of arsenazoⅢby potassium periodate in HAc-NaAc medium and in the presence of Tween-80 as an en- hanced agent and 1,10-phenanthroline as an activator.

研究了以表面活性剂吐温-80为增敏剂，在HAc-NaAc介质中1，10-邻菲罗啉存在下，痕量锰催化高碘酸钾氧化偶氮胂Ⅲ的催化动力学光度法。

The effect of hydrophobic additive on the seed precipitation from sodium aluminate solution was studied by adding fatty acid and heneicosane at different proportions.

研究了疏水性添加剂脂肪酸类阴离子表面活性剂与21-碳烷不同配比对铝酸钠溶液分解产生氢氧化铝和氧化铝的粒度、强度及分解率的影响，考察了产物Al3和Al2O3的强度和粒度之间的关系，探讨了添加剂影响铝酸钠溶液晶种分解的相关机理。

The effect of hydrophobic additive on the seed precipitation from sodium aluminate solution was studied by adding fatty acid and heneicosane at different proportions. The results show that when the mass fraction of fatty acid is in the range of 32%-49% and the additive concentration in sodium aluminate solution is 150×10-6 g/L, the rate of precipitation increases, but the particle size of Al3 and Al2O3 reduces.

摘 要：研究了疏水性添加剂脂肪酸类阴离子表面活性剂与21-碳烷不同配比对铝酸钠溶液分解产生氢氧化铝和氧化铝的粒度、强度及分解率的影响，考察了产物Al3和Al2O3的强度和粒度之间的关系，探讨了添加剂影响铝酸钠溶液晶种分解的相关机理。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。