表面切割

The results indicate that multiple reflections are favorable to the increase of depth. When the focal position is above the surface, the absorptive intensity on the front decreases, so the cutting depth decreases. When the focal position is below the surface, the position on the front with the maximum power intensity is downward. The intensity distribution is toward the deeper position, the cutting depth increases. But if the negative focal distance is extremely big, the intensity of the deeper position attenuates sharply with the increase of focal radius and light distances, so the depth deceases.

正离焦切割时，前沿吸收的总激光功率密度减小，切割深度减小；负离焦切割时，最大激光功率密度值的位置下移，使得前沿功率密度分布朝着深部推进，切割深度增加，若负离焦量过大，表面光斑直径和光程增加，更深位置的功率密度减小，切割深度减小；随着激光功率增加、切割速度减小，则前沿弯曲程度减小，被激光直接照射的前沿部位增长，前沿吸收激光功率密度增加，切割深度增加。

In this case the noise must be removed and the incise edge is positioned accurately.

图像处理的算法是最关键的部分，由于切割现场的各种干扰、边缘图像的不规则、工件表面状况的影响，因此在这种情况下必须有效把切割边缘的位置准确地找出来。

At the same time, some defects are pointed out: present fabrics are not properly applied, and most of looms can't produce woven perform whose property is similar in different directions. Their shearing strength are lower, utilization of mechanical properties are also smaller;Although three-dimensional braided composites is of excellent integrated structure, normal braided fiber is traveled from internal to external surface, which is passed through braider and becomes three-dimensional structure. If the external surface is cut or rubbed , it's possible for the fiber to break down. In addition , the shape of perform is easily changed after it's finished . To deal with respective shortcomings and highlight their own advantages, we're searching a new weaving method which is the combination between weaving and braiding .

但它们各自也具有许多缺点：目前机织物适应性不够，大多数织机还不能加工三维各向同性的机制预型件，材料剪切性能较低，力学性能利用率低；三维编织复合材料虽然具有良好的结构整体性，但常用的编织都是纤维从内表面穿到外表面，即穿过编织件的断面成三维结构，用这种方法制成的结构，如果外表面受到摩擦或切割损伤，就有可能导致结构的解体，此外编织结构的织物易变形，所以我们需要考虑一种新的结构，能同时发挥各自优势，又能同时克服二者缺点，这就是机织与编织结构相结合的方法。

Considering the unsolved problems of designing diamond segments and the available laboratory conditions, this paper tried to make a united research on cut materials and cutting tools. By studying on stone machinability, diamond metalizing, bond formulation and sintering condition adjusting and the compatibility between stone and segment, some basic rules for designing diamond segments were concluded.

根据目前金刚石切石锯片设计中存在的问题及实验室所具备的条件，本文力图将切割对象和切割工具统一起来进行研究；通过对石材的可锯性、金刚石表面金属化、结合剂性能的调整以及工具与岩石的适应性等方面的研究，从而找出面对特殊切割对象的专用性产品的设计思路。

Simulation results and theoretical analysis show that choosing an appropriate location of the truncating interface (PC-air interface) is very important for obtaining high efficiency due to the effect of defect modes.

模拟结果和理论分析表明：由于缺陷模式的影响，选择一个合适的表面切割位置对于获得高效率是至关重要的。

Arc plasma has many advantages, such as high temperature、 high energydensity and so on. It has been applied in the field of cutting、 welding、 metallurgyand material prepared etc, but there is a long-term problem in the field of the arcplasma technology, which is how to reduce cathode erosion to increase the life-timeof arc plasma generator, so many scholars in the world have been studying theproblem on the cathode erosion.

电弧等离子体具有温度高、能量密度大和对环境污染小等特点，它已被广泛应用于切割、焊接、冶金、材料制备等领域，但是在电弧等离子体技术中，怎样减少阴极烧损提高等离子体发生器的寿命是电弧等离子体技术中一个长期问题，因而国内外的许多学者仍在对阴极烧损这个问题进行研究；本文围绕&通过提高阴极表面温度，增强阴极表面的电子发射能力，来增大阴极弧根直径，进而降低电弧通过阴极弧根传入阴极表面的有效比热流，以达到减小阴极烧损的目的。&

The paper mostly studies the super-high pressure abrasive water jet technology in following several aspect:At first, the structure of water jet beam as well as its characteristic and mechanism in cutting different kinds of material were discussed.

本文主要从以下几个方面对超高压水射流进行了研究：高压水射流与超高压磨料水射流的射流结构与形成原理；切割不同性能材料的切割机理；切割系统的控制；超高压水的发生原理及发生装置；在此基础上又通过基础实验与应用实验总结出切割不同材料过程中，切口形状的变化、影响切割表面的质量的各种因素及改善切割表面质的的措施；并对实验所用系统的计算机辅助设计过程与M软件的使用进行了介绍。

Leather is main material for making shoes, in shoemaking the main working procedures are nesting and cutting all kinds of shoe parts on leather with high quality, but it is inevitable that there are all kinds of defects on leather, such as scratch, mites and scars, so it is necessary to detect the positions and size of defects before nesting and cutting shoe parts in order to utilize materials effectively.

皮革是制鞋的主要原材料，制鞋的主要工序是在优质皮革上排放和切割各种鞋样部件，但是皮革表面不可避免的存在各种缺陷，如虫咬、疤痕和划伤等，为了有效利用原料，在排样和切割之前要首先定位皮革表面的缺陷区域。

In order to cut the reconstructed 3D models in computer aided virtual surgery,a cutting algorithms for 3D surface model in medical images is proposed.By using the mouse to draw an enclosed curve on the model,the bistouries cutting orbit is simulated,which implements the arbitrary mutual cutting in surgery process.

为了在计算机辅助虚拟手术中对重建的三维模型进行切割，提出一种医学图像三维表面模型切割算法，利用鼠标在模型上画任意形状的封闭曲线来模拟手术刀的切割轨迹，从而实现手术过程中的任意交互切割。

The two blades are fixed to constitute 45°(it adopts one special blade for cutting profile of professional picture frame) to cutting 45 degree profile, adopt German 13 hard alloy saw blades, imported guide rail, automatic cooling spray lubrication and hydro-pneumatic damper stepless speed regulation, thus it has high linear velocity and stable cutting angle, good surface finish, high precision and stable feeding.

采用德国成熟的设计理念结合最新的使用要求与习惯、针对用于38、50、65系列铝合金门窗料、镜框料以及新型隔热型材门窗料45度切割而开发，专业45度切采用两锯片固定构成45°（专业镜框料切割锯床采用一把专制刀具），对型材完成45°切割。选用德国13硬质合金锯片、进口导轨，线速度高，因而切割角度更加稳定、精确，自动喷油冷却润滑、气液阻尼无级调速装置，加工表面光洁度好，精度高、进给平稳。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。