表面光滑的

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

According to experts, wood veneer in the production of solid wood will be cut to about 2 mm thick pieces of wood, with a special adhesive, attached to the furniture surface, and then by painting, UV baked, characterized by a smooth touch, knock on wood buckle with a finger thick plate has a sense of clarity but the irregular surface of wood, in the plate corners can be vaguely seen around 1 mm veneer.

专家介绍，实木贴面在制作中将实木切成约2毫米厚的木片，经特殊粘连，贴在家具表面，再经上漆，紫外线烘烤而成，特点为触摸光滑，用手指扣敲木板有厚实感，表面木纹清晰但不规则，在板块转角处可隐约看见1毫米左右的木皮。

The smooth surface of nano-HA prothesis fails to take advantage of the benefit of nano-HA.

光滑表面的纳米羟基磷灰石假体未能发挥纳米级羟基磷灰石的优势；在影响骨整合方面就羟基磷灰石涂层来说，涂层表面改性可能比单纯涂层材料纳米化更重要。

On the other hand, if one subdivide the surface into a large or small number of piec

物体的表面一般都具有一定的光滑性，因此拟合小曲面片的这些NURBS曲面之间就必须达到一定程度的光滑连接。

The submicroscopic cutting of work pieces conducted for surfaces of k9 optical glass, on which ultra-smooth surfaces were realized.

试验实现了光学材料k9玻璃的亚微米去除，并在其表面上获得了纳米级的超光滑表面。

Protect your Cell Phone's LCD screen against dust and scratches and eliminate glare Designed for perfect fit with the LCD screen Offers tough, durable, transparent surface while keeping the LCD screen clean and unscratched Attaches smoothly with self-adhering surface; leaves no residue when removed Features 99% UV Protection: Reduces eye strain caused by the LCD screen Anti-Scratch Film: thickest and most durable 99% Transparent: unmatched clarity Washable and Reusable: Never need to buy another screen protector again Silicone Adhesive Coating: No glue residue when removed Ultra Smooth Surface: Enhance the experience and utilization of touch screen and stylus features Includes Reusable Screen Protector Lint-free Cleaning Cloth Accessory ONLY.

保护您的手机的液晶显示屏对灰尘和划痕，消除眩光专为完美配合液晶屏幕提供坚韧，耐久，透明的表面，同时保持液晶屏幕清洁和刮痕使节顺利与自我坚持表面；留下任何残留物时，删除功能99％紫外线防护：减少眼睛疲劳引起的液晶屏幕防划伤薄膜：最厚，最持久的99％，透明：无与伦比的清晰可清洗和重复使用：永远不需要再购买另一屏幕保护有机矽粘合剂涂料：无残留胶时取消超光滑表面：加强经验和利用触摸屏和手写笔功能，包括可重复使用的屏幕保护林特免费清洁布配件只。

The unsmoothed characteristics of some living beings in soil have wear reduction and wear resistance function . The research benefits the revelation that a tungsten carbide reinforced Cu-base alloy wear-resistant composite coating was produced on mild steel by spark plasma sintering.Under the condition of two bodies abrasive wear ,the coating with the structure that hight hardness and good wear resistance WC particles embedding in tough fine Cu-base alloy matrix resist the abrasion wear and manifest the good wear reduction and wear resistance properties that the unsmoothed bodysurface of some living beings in soil have.

本研究受到某些土壤动物体表非光滑几何特征具有减磨、耐磨特性的启示，应用放电等离子烧结工艺，选取具有优良塑性的Cu基合金作为复合层基体，硬质点WC颗粒作为增强相，在碳钢表面形成WC\ Cu基合金耐磨复合层，在两体静载荷磨粒磨损条件下，高硬度、耐磨WC颗粒镶嵌在高塑性的Cu基合金基体中，共同抵抗磨粒的磨削，表现出某些土壤动物体表非光滑几何特征所具备的优良减磨、耐磨特性。

Ceramic bearings can produce oxidation-ho, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and so on, diameter from 3mm-50mm, precision Machinable P0, P6, P5 level; its performance characteristics are: high temperature, oil-free self-lubricating, acid, alkali and salt corrosion , wear resistance, low noise, insulating diamagnetic, since high-speed operation; metal nano-ceramic bearing its production process for a new generation of high content of nano-particles in the heat and pressure infiltration of metal surface is activated to fill the cracks and pits the metal so that 3-5 micron metal surface is more smooth solid surface, greatly reduce the friction, improve Chennai base metals, and greatly increased the life span of bearings, and its characteristics are: long life (as an ordinary stainless steel bearings 2 -- 10-fold), low noise (as an ordinary stainless steel bearings, 70%), wear-resisting, acid, alkali, salt corrosion, high temperature, load large; ceramic bearing and metal nano-ceramic bearing design and development to meet the needs of the market for high-speed, low - noise, high load, the demand for corrosion-resistant; Machinery Production Department to produce aircraft rod end joint bearing, linear guide bearings, the fuel tank of earrings, plastic bearing, non-standard side bearing components, glass door hardware, such as high-precision control products; and provide CNC machining.

陶瓷轴承可生产氧化镐、碳化硅、氮化硅等，内径从3mm-50mm，精度可加工P0、P6、P5级；其性能特点为：耐高温、无油自润滑、耐酸、碱、盐腐蚀、耐磨、低噪音、绝缘抗磁、起高速运转；金属纳米陶瓷轴承其生产工艺为新一代的高含量纳米级微粒在热和压力的作用下被激活渗入金属表面，填补金属缝隙和凹坑，使金属表面3-5微米表面更光滑坚固，大大降低其摩擦力，提高金属的奈酸碱性，并大大提高了轴承的寿命，其特性为：长寿命（为普通不锈钢轴承的2-10倍）、低噪音（为普通不锈钢轴承的70%）、耐磨、耐酸、碱、盐腐蚀、耐高温、负载大；陶瓷轴承与金属纳米陶瓷轴承的设计开发以满足市场对高转速、低噪音、高负载、耐腐蚀的需求；机械生产部以生产机杆端关节轴承、直线导轨轴承、油缸耳环、塑料轴承、非标端轴承零部件、玻璃门控五金等高精度产品；并对外提供数控加工。

Although the surface of ordinary glass looks very smooth, but in fact, we can be found through electron microscopy, ordinary glass in fact not smooth and porous, we know that, like a decaying wood, Bai will be a light went off Cracked, but imagine if one does not rot the wood, it is not the number of internal gap, Bai is very different to the situation!

普通玻璃的表面虽然看上去十分的光滑，但实际上，我们通过电子显微镜可以发现，普通玻璃实际上不光滑且多孔，我们知道，就好比一根腐烂的木头，轻轻一掰就会应声断裂，但试想如果是一根不腐烂的木头，它的内部根本没有多少空隙，掰起来就是截然不同的情况了！

The objects surface often possesses some particular continuities, so it is indispensable to be able to control the desired continuities between adjacent NURBS patches.

物体的表面一般都具有一定的光滑性，因此拟合小曲面片的这些NURBS曲面之间就必须达到一定程度的光滑连接。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。