表面

The surface energy of mica cleaved in vacuum is about ten times that of mica cleaved in air.

在真空中剖开的云母的表面能比在空气中剖开的云母的表面能大十倍左右。

In order to investigate the frictional temperature of brake rotor,the thermal transmission model of brake disc during braking was theoretically derived,and the equation of heat conduction on the basis of change of friction heat flow intensity and experimental research to real brake plate was obtained.

为了研究摩擦过程中制动盘摩擦表面温升的情况，在1∶1惯性制动实验研究的基础上，基于制动过程中摩擦热流强度的变化，建立了制动时制动盘传热模型，推导出了制动盘摩擦表面温度的计算公式，并用此公式算出的结果与实测温度进行了对比。

The equation of heat conduction with surface effect is derived by applying the minimum principle of latent heat flux to describe the temperature distribution and reveal the size-dependence of thermoelastic damping in the form of energy dissipation during the vibration process.

由热流势原理导出了包含表面效应影响的热传导方程，描述了振动过程中温度的变化分布，揭示了热阻尼在表面效应影响下的尺度相关性。

Under the high frequency vibrating action, the crystal grain formed on the surface of the crystal nucleus eradiation equipment would be broken and peeled off, thereby ejected to zinc molten pool continuously and served as crystal nucleus source of equiaxed grain during solidification.

结果表明，当一种带有冷却结构且进行高频振动的晶核发射器插入锌液内时，锌液在晶核发射器表面迅速形核且长大，在高频振动作用下表面形成的晶粒将被折断剥离，从而连续不断地弹射到锌液中，成为凝固过程中形成大量等轴晶的晶核来源；采用带有水冷和气冷结构的晶核发射器对锌液进行振动激发形核处理后，锌凝固组织中的等轴晶率可分别提高到65%和80%。

The sloping plate can provide sufficiently the under-cooling for nucleation and lay a foundation for heterogeneous nucleation to form lots of nuclei of crystal internally and on the sloping plate surface, thus causing the melt to nucleates eruptively. Under the action of both metal flow and vibration, the nuclei formed on the sloping plate surface can move freely and disperse into the melt, and they are able to maintain the direct growth in spherical shape in the homogeneous composition and temperature fields.

倾斜板为形核提供足够大的过冷度和异质形核基础，大量晶核在斜板表面和内部形成，使熔体爆发形核，在流动和振动作用下斜板表面形成的晶核游离，弥散到熔体内部，晶核在均匀的成分场与温度场条件下，可以保持直接球状生长。

The result of surface modification of the polystyrene is characterized by using ESCA .

表面处理提高了塑料表面对金属镀层的附着力。

The change of fibers and hydroxy rubber in surface is determined by ESCA and SEM.

用电子能谱仪和扫描电镜对改性后的纤维和丁羟橡胶表面进行了测试，结果表明：C元素的含量明显下降，N和O元素的含量提高，纤维表面活性提高。

ESCA analysis indicates that the coverage of three samples on the modified films is ca. 74％, 65％ and 78％, respectively.

ESCA表面分析表明三种丝素蛋白在改性聚乳膜表面的覆盖率分别为74％，65％和78％。

The surface structure and component change are analyzed by SEM, ESCA and contact angle instruments to investigate the modification on polymer surface.

配合SEM、ESCA、接触角等仪器的分析、观测高分子表面构造的变化及成分的变异，以研究高分子表面的改质。

In this paper, the adherent properties of PET fabric treated by corona-discharge were studied through ESCA and wettability, the application of two mechanisms in terms of weak boundary layer and chemical structure on fabric surface was discussed.

本文通过光电子能谱和表面润湿实验来研究经电晕放电处理后的涤纶织物的表面性能，探讨了弱界面层和化学结构两种理论在粘合中的应用。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。