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When pH value.5, faster deposition rate, faster growth rate of crystallizing nucleus, which causes bigger crystalline granularity and bad surface quality of the deposits such as crassitude or darkling.

镀液pH值和Sn~(2+)离子浓度也是影响晶粒粒度大小的关键因素。pH＜0.5时，沉积速度过快，晶核成长速度快，晶粒粒度较大，镀层表面粗糙、发黑，表面质量差。

Clearance is the shortest distance between conductive circuits; creepage is the distance between conductive surfaces along the surface.

间隙是导电电路之间的最短距离，爬电距离是沿物体表面之间的导电表面的距离。

Comparing the electrolyte concentration shifting along the time with the membrane surface potential shifting along the electrolyte concentration, the crimple phenomenon is related to the shift rate of electrolyte concentration and to the shift range of the membrane surface potential.

通过模型计算环境中平均盐浓度随时间的变化及实验测量膜表面电位随盐浓度的改变，我们发现皱褶的出现及形变程度与盐浓度变化的急剧程度有关，也与膜表面电势变化幅度有关。

First, from room temperature to 500oC, the shell structure is amorphous with crinkly and airtight character. The shell structure begins to change into γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 at 900oC. The surface of shells shows nano-sized pores at 900oC from SEM and BET analyses. When heated to 1000oC and 1100oC, the shell forms stable α-Al2O3 structure with smooth surface. Cracks often occur at the triple grain junctions. The specific surface area and the total pore volume of the hollow spheres increase with the calcination temperature.

首先，将锻烧温度由室温提升至500℃时，球壳属非晶相皱褶状致密结构；在900℃时开始有γ-Al2O3相及些许的α-Al2O3相出现，由SEM及BET结果得知，900℃之球壳表面有许多奈米级孔洞出现；当加热至1000℃和1100℃时，球壳形成稳定相之Al2O3结构，壳层表面趋於平滑，且球壳在晶界处有微裂缝存在；由BET 结果得知，比表面积及总孔洞体积会随锻烧温度之增加，有增加之趋势。

In this paper with cross correlation of random process, the surface of grinding machining and abrasive jet finishing machining are researched.

本文应用随机过程的互相关性对磨削加工表面和光整加工表面进行了研究。

Atomic force microscopy is used to examine the surface morphology of the 3-monolayer InAs. It's found that the evolution of surface morphology with increasing the GaAsSb thickness can be classified into 3 stages: random distribution of InAs quantum dots, space-selective growth of InAs quantum dots on cross-hatching surface, and purely cross-hatching surface.

最后，由原子力显微镜分析，让我们观察到样品表面的InAs奈米结构的分布型态：(1)随机分布，(2)在田埂状(cross-hatching)的表面上选择性的成长，(3)奈米结构渐渐地消失，最后仅剩田埂状的表面型态。

The Flex-Hone tool creates a plateau finish, free of cut, torn and folded metal while producing the ideal crosshatch finish for oil retention which is exactly what engineers require.

经过球头刷处理的表面完全没有任何的划痕、撕痕、或折叠金属；同时，能够形成的网纹状表面，这些网纹可保留润滑油。

The results show that the simplified equations can be used to calculate the weld magnification factor not only for the T-butt joint but also for the butt, cruciform joints.

结果表明作者给出的简化表达式不仅可以用来计算T型接头的焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子，而且可以用来计算对接与十字接头焊趾表面裂纹的应力强度因子。

Mechanical valve is used most among all the artificial heart valve, but its surface will get cruor if it stay long in body fluid. So its meaningful to increase the bioactivity of it.

机械瓣膜是目前临床上应用最多的一种人工心脏瓣膜，但是机械瓣膜表面在长期和血液的接触过程中会导致凝血，因此提高机械瓣膜表面的血液相容性对机械瓣膜的临床应用具有重用意义。

The relationship between aqueous two phase system and liquid crystal of cationic and anionic surfactants mixture was studied.

研究了正离子表面活性剂 CTAB与负离子表面活性剂 SDS混合系统的双水相与液晶结构的关系。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。