表面

The new substrate surface pretreatment that included the action of an oxidizing oxygen/acetylene flame with borax solution addition was studied on the base of methods of the WC-Co cemented carbide surface pretreatment.

在分析已有的硬质合金基底表面预处理的基础上，首次提出了用硼砂溶液和燃焰外焰的热量及其氧化性对基底表面进行预处理，抑制钴的副作用并降低基底表面温度，然后再利用内焰沉积金刚石的新方法。

First acts according to the asphalt pavement the light thermal environment, has established the asphalt road surface thermal equilibrium equation, to affect the asphalt pavement surface thermal equilibrium temperature each factor level of significance to carry on the analysis, discovered in order to reduce the asphalt pavement surface thermal equilibrium temperature the feasible technical route.

首先根据沥青路面的光热环境，建立了沥青路表面的热平衡方程，对影响沥青路面表面热平衡温度的各个因素的显著性水平进行了分析，以求找出降低沥青路面表面热平衡温度的可行技术路线。

Based on the current ultrasonic equipment for rail inspection,we can use ultrasonic subsurface longitudinal waves to inspect the surface cracks in railheads,and the potential of this method for complementing conventional ultrasonic rail inspection is discussed.

在现有铁路钢轨超声检测设备的基础上，可采用超声次表面纵波对钢轨表面裂纹进行检测。本文应用边界元方法对钢轨中的次表面纵波的传播特性进行分析并进行了实验测试。

A seal for sealing against a cylindrical surface, for example the facing surfaces of two concentric pipes, or the facing surfaces of a pipe and a plug or cap, is actuated by a series of elongate shape-memory material actuators (40) which are arranged around the cylindrical surface.

一种用于密封在一圆柱形表面上的密封装置，所述圆柱形表面例如是两个同心管的相对面，或一个管和一个插塞或盖的相对面，所述装置由一系列细长的形状记忆材料致动件(40)致动，致动件围绕圆柱形表面设置。

The Pyromat CSB Radiation Stabilized Burner exhibits improved performance thanks to full premixing of fuel and air, surface stabilization through the use of radiant zones and high flux zones on the burner surface, and controlled flame shape above the burner surface.

Pyromat CSBTM 发热稳定炉展示了改良性能和火炉表面上可控的火焰形状。由于燃料和空气的完全预混合及通过使用火炉表面的发光区和高熔区达到的表面稳定性，才有了性能的改良。

In this bath, maleic acid was an inhibitor, when its concentration was kept at 20 mg/L, the deposition rate could reduce to 6.17μm/h, the content of nickel decreased to 1.74% and the resistivity was 7.51μΩ·cm; Potassium ferrocyanide inhibited deposition of copper, when its content was 0.5 ppm, the deposition rate decrease to 3.38μm/h, the content of nickel was 2.03%, the resistivity can reduced to 5.41μΩ·cm, the copper deposits also had higher (111) plane orientation. Thiourea was also an inhibitor in this system, when its concentration was kept at 0.8 ppm, the deposition rate was 4.72μm/h, the content of nickel in the film was 1.20%, the resistivity can reduced to 5.46μΩ·cm, at the same time, the deposition at (111) plane orientation become more favorable.

结果表明，马来酸在该体系中是抑制剂，当其浓度为20 mg/L时，镀速降为6.17μm/h，镀层镍含量降为1.74%，表面电阻率降为7.51μΩ·cm，铜层颗粒细小均匀，更有利于在(111)面上的结晶；亚铁氰化钾的加进可以明显降低镀，当其浓度为0.5 ppm时，镀速为3.38μm/h，镀层镍含量降为2.03%，表面电阻率降为5.41μΩ·cm，铜层颗粒细小均匀，(111)晶面衍射峰增强；硫脲在体系中也显示为抑制剂，当其浓度为0.8 ppm时，镀速降到4.72μm/h，镀层镍含量为1.20%，表面电阻率降为5.46μΩ·cm，形成的铜颗粒很小，同时(111)晶面衍射峰增强，有利于铜在(111)面上结晶。

Imagine a vast sheet of paper on which straight Lines, Triangles, Squares, Pentagons, Hexagons, and other figures, instead of remaining fixed in their places, move freely about, on or in the surface, but without the power of rising above or sinking below it, very much like shadows -- only hard and with luminous edges -- and you will then have a pretty correct notion of my country and countrymen.

想像一张无比辽阔的纸，在这张纸上生活着线段、三角形、正方形、五角星、六角形和其他图形。他们不是保持静止不动，而是可以在纸张的表面上，或者说在纸张的表面之中自由活动。但是不能升到表面之上或是降到表面之下，这很像是影子——只不过有个实体、还有一个发亮的光边儿。现在，你对我的国家和人民有了一个相当正确的概念了。

At 300~500 ℃ the oxidation weight gain increased 0.32%~0.34%,at 1100 ℃ the oxidation weight gain increased 15%.By SEM observation,surfaces of pure titanium after oxidating have different morphologies.

用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜观察试样表面形貌，300~500℃氧化钛膜很薄较致密；700℃试样表面有较多的蜂窝氧化膜，表面不致密；900℃形成片状和长条状TiO2；1100℃氧化层为厚大板片状和多棱柱状的TiO2。

Using analyses of the surface chemical species formed on palladium in both conditions of flowing oxygen and the ammonia oxidation reaction,it is confirmed that the surface of palladium,at temperatures above 800℃,is a multilayer structure with the bright palladium metal surface being overed by a thin layer of palladium metal vapour and then by a layer of palladium oxidevapour.

本文分析了在流动氧气氛和氨氧化反应过程中Pd的表面化学状态，表明在800℃以上温度Pd的表面应是1种多层结构：光亮的Pd金属表面复盖着一层薄的Pd金属蒸气，Pd蒸气上又复盖着一层PdO蒸气。

The invention comprises a free-form surface prism with three optical surfaces, and a micro-image display; the free-form surface prism is made of plastic glass materials with the refractive index greater than 1; the three free-form optical surfaces are concave surfaces, which meet one of the three surface-type equations, and the location relationship of each surface meets three condition equations; the incident angle formed between the widest-field upper edge rays emitted by an LCD and the second free-form surface meets the total reflection conditions; and an image source element is an LCD of 0.61 or 0.59 inches.

本发明包含一个具有三个光学表面的自由曲面棱镜和一个微型图像显示器，自由曲面棱镜采用折射率大于1的塑料玻璃材料，自由曲面棱镜的三个自由曲面光学表面均为凹形面，它们应满足三个面型方程之一，并且各表面的位置关系应满足三个条件方程，由LCD发出的最大视场上边缘光线在第二自由曲面上的入射角应满足全反射条件，像源元件为0.61或0.59英寸的LCD。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。