表面

The transition radiation faculae on the rear side of a 20m thick target Ta was a smooth round structure with the center brighter than the periphery, indicating incoherent transition radiation and coherent transition radiation, which is close to the results of the theoretical simulations. For a 100m thick target Ta, the faculae was a star-structure and became smaller, which resembles a star-structure of the energetic proton emission. For a 10μm Ta+10m Cu+5m Ta composite target, the faculae was a ring structure and became bigger and non-uniform, looked like two apart faculae.

在厚度为20μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现较平滑的圆形结构，而且中心亮度高于周围，这包含了非相干与相干渡越辐射的成分，与理论模拟结果接近；在厚度为100μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现出星状结构，光斑较小，与高能质子发射出现的星状结构极其相似；在复合靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑虽然也呈现大致的圆形结构，但光斑较大，而且极不均匀，中间有很明显的光斑分裂。

In fact, the coagulating mechanism was surface chelating and surface sedimentation. It was said that adsorption was before hydrolysis, then the hydrolysis and sedimentation reaction of the polynuclear hydroxy complexes took place on the adsorption surface, at the same time they counteracted the electric charge of the colloids and suspended substances then adsorbed and bridged the flocculates.

其混凝机理实际上是表面络合及表面沉淀过程，即絮凝剂投入水体后，其最佳混凝形态及其聚集体在一定时间内具有稳定性而保持其原有形态，并很快吸附在颗粒物表面，吸附过程先于水解过程，因带电荷及分子量较高而同时发挥电中和及吸附架桥作用。

The results showed that, as a kind of anode corrosion inhibitor, BTA adsorbed on the copper surface and then funned a protective film by condensation reaction, and then decreased the corrosion current of copper by increasing the equilibrium potential.

结果表明。当H2O2存在时，抛光液中BTA作为阳极缓蚀剂吸附在抛光表面，提高了阳极铜溶解的平衡电位，并通过缩合反应生成保护膜，减小了抛光后的表面粗糙度，提高了表面质量，同时在一定程度上增加了抛光过程中的摩擦系数。

Computes so-called specular lighting, which refers to the way that glossier surfaces have noticeable bright spots or highlights resulting from the narrower scattering of light off the surface.

在 specular中，物体表面产生的颜色值不单单只是光线和表面法线的关系了，还牵涉到了眼睛矢量，即观察者的视线，随着视线的变化，物体表面的高光区也会随着不断变化。

The surface state and electrochemistry properly platinum-plated on open-cell foamed titanium electrode was investigated and he compared with IrTi anode and platinum-plated titanium toil cathode. The results show that open-cell foamed titanium can uniformly coat with excellent bonding strength platinum-plated, thickness coating 2 μm. The cathode release hydrogen voltage of platinum-plated on open-cell loamed titanium electrode is fall. The anode release oxygen voltage of platinum-plated on open-cell foamed titanium electrode is higher than Irli anode in high current.

采用电镀技术在多孔钛表面沉积了均匀的铂金属层，分析了多孔钛镀铂后的表面状态及电化学性能，并与IrTi涂层阳极及镀铂钛网阴极进行比较，结果显示：多孔钛板开孔孔隙表面可均匀沉积结合力良好的铂层，镀层厚度为2μm；镀铂多孔钛阴极析氢电位比镀铂钛网高，且在大电流下，阳极析氧电位比IrTi涂层阳极高。

In our experiments,the propagationvelocity and the coupling coefficient for the high-velocity surface acoustic mode ismeasured on a free surface as well as on a metalized surface.

在实验中，采用四种经常使用的压电晶体，对这种表面高速模式进行声速和耦合系数的测量，分别在自由表面和金属化表面进行。

Methane adsorbed on the Mn〓O〓-Na〓WO〓/SiO〓 catalyst can not be found, but it can be adsorbed on outgassed silica at 173K. Such adsorption is formed by interaction of the adsorbed methane with O〓〓 sites and hydroxyls on the surface. The appearance of the band at 2904cm〓 of the V〓 mode (sym. stretch.), which is an infrared forbidden vibration, implies that the Td symmetry of the methane molecule may be distorted somewhat on the surface of silica. The small frequency shift (30cm〓) of OH stretching indicates that only a weak hydrogen-bonding interaction between adsorbed methane and hydroxyls exists in the methane adsorption.

甲烷不能在Mn2O3-Na2WO4/SiO2催化剂上吸附但在l73K的温度条件下可吸附于SiO〓表面上，这种吸附是通过吸附甲烷与表面配位不饱和氧和表面羟基作用而形成的，红外禁阻的V〓振动模式显示出红外活性说明甲烷分子的Td对称性发生畸变，甲烷吸附后羟基位移只有30cm〓，吸附甲烷同表面羟基间的氢键作用很弱。

The bare cells with smooth surface presented transverse outspreading effect at mica surface. Great changes took place in surface roughness for those bacterial cells after metallization. A large number of nickel nanoparticles were observed to be equably distributed at bacterial surface after activation and subsequent metallization.

结果显示，空白对照菌表面平整光滑并在云母基底表面表现出较显著的铺展效应；经过活化和化学镀镍后的菌细胞表面粗糙度明显增大，并在基本保持原有菌模板外形的基础上，其高宽比有所增大。

They are FF testing methods, surface treatment technique, evaluation of the properties of surface modification layer, coating induced embrittlement, selection of coating materials, effects of SP and other surface modification on fretting fatigue resistance . A new coating technology combined with shot peening is proved in improving FFR of titanium alloy. The relation between fretting wear and fretting fatigue mechanism of titanium alloy are discussed on the basis of the experimental results. The main contributions are as follows:(1) Shot peening is the most efficient way in improving fretting fatigue resistance of titanium alloys. Working hardening, roughening and compressive residual stress are involved in the shot peened surface.

本文针对上述问题，从影响FF行为的关键环节：FF实验方法、表面处理工艺技术及表层性能评价、镀层引起的钛合金脆化行为、脆化机制及镀层材料的选择、喷丸强化因数和表面涂层对钛合金FF抗力的影响、FF与微动磨损的联系等，深入系统地研究影响钛合金FF抗力的控制因数，探讨FF机理，并通过喷丸形变强化与新型表面镀或渗层合理复合，达到进一步提高钛合金FF抗力的目的。

For instance, the DBD surface modification roughens its surfaces and introduces some polar functional groups.

实验结果表明，PP薄膜经DBD等离子体处理后，其表面结构变粗糙，且引入了极性基团，表面微观样貌和表面化学成分均发生变化。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。