表面

In order to understand the mechanisms of cation surfactant changing the wettability of solid surface, the effect of CTAB on the wettability is studied based on washburn method and microscopic experiments.

为了解阳离子表面活性剂改变固体表面润湿性的机理，首先用washburn法和微观实验研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对润湿性的影响，然后从吸附状态及化学反应的角度分析了CTAB与砂岩表面的作用机理。

The category of surfactant and the action of it in the wastepaper deinking was introduced.

综述了表面活性剂的性质及分类，以及表面活性剂在废纸脱墨各阶段的作用，并对以后脱墨用表面活性剂的发展趋势提出了一些看法。

The invention relates to a vessel which is intended to move over the surface of a body of water or a watercourse and which is designed for the on board collection of waste from close to said surface.

本发明涉及一种用于在平面表面或者水道表面上做动作的船舶，并且在将靠近所述表面的废物收集到船上。

The results show that the topography is affected not only by the protrusion of abrasive grains, but also by the waviness of bond surface.

测量结果表明：砂轮表面形貌的形成，不仅与砂轮表面磨粒的突出有关，还受结合剂表面高度变化的影响。

Then CMP comes into being, combining the chemical and mechanical actions so as to realize the precise removal of the surfaces to reach the higher level of surface roughness and surface waviness.

化学机械抛光便应运而生，它综合了化学的和机械的共同作用，实现了对部件表面的精密去除从而达到较高的表面粗糙度和表面波纹度。

In the traditional founded surface metrology, the irregular roughness of surface topography falls into three scales, which were form, waviness and surface roughness respectively, according to their corresponding wavelength or frequency.

传统的表面计量学中，表面形貌的这种不规则的粗糙性被划分到三个尺度之中，分别为形状误差、波纹度和表面粗糙度。

The sludge in SBMBR1 presented granular characteristics and settled very well. The sludge in SBMBR1was brown and the sludge flocs was smashed by the shear force due to high intensity of aeration. The sludge size decreased and the sludge flocs blended with water forming ropy solutions, and there was no distinguish interface between water and sludge. Low sludge age and high loading operation enabled the sludge in SBMBR1 keeping higher sludge activity and the MLVSS/MLSS ratio and SOUR values of SBMBR1 were higher than SBMBR2. Both in SBMBR1 and SBMBR2, there were large amount of zoogloea, bacillus, coryneform of bacteria, and pediococcus. However, in SBMBR1 there were also a lot of Protozoa like epistylis and etc. A certain amount of filamentous bacteria can also be found in SBMBR1. The biological species in SBMBR1 were much more abundant than that in SBMBR2.3. Membrane fouling on flat-sheets membrane was observed and analyzed with AFM, SEM and TEM. After the measurement of membrane surface EPS and membrane surface ETX analysis, the pollutants composition on the surface of flat-sheets membrane was calculated.

从外观观察SBMBR1反应器中的活性污泥呈浅黄色，随着运行时间的增加，污泥粒径逐步增加，SV、SVI值逐步下降，呈现出较强的颗粒特征，沉降性能良好；SBMBR2污泥呈土黄色，污泥絮体被高强度的曝气所产生的切应力所打碎，污泥粒径迅速降低，絮体较为细碎，和水相混合成均一粘稠的溶液，看不到泥水分界面；低泥龄、高负荷运行，使得SBMBR1可以保持较高的微生物活性，MLVSS/MLSS值、SOUR值均高于SBMBR2；两级反应器活性污泥中均有大量的菌胶团，长杆菌、短杆菌和球菌是构成主体，但SBMBR1活性污泥中含有大量固着型原生动物如累枝虫等，还存在着一定数量的丝状菌，生物相要比SBMBR2丰富。3、借助原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段对平板膜污染现象进行观测和分析，并通过膜表面污染物EPS测定、污染膜表面能谱分析，得出平板膜表面污染物的组成。

The intermixture of positive ion surfactant Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide and zwitterion surfactant N,N-C12BE was used to modify the natural zeolite. Correlative parameters of modified zeolite adsorbing Cr and phenol from wastewater were studied.

摘 要：用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵与两性离子表面活性剂 N，N-二甲基十二烷基甜菜碱复配的混合表面活性剂对天然沸石改性，研究了改性沸石吸附废水中 Cr 和苯酚的相关参数。

The calculated result of the relaxed surface shows that the top layer atoms of ZrMn2(110) surface are arranged in an accidented plane and the space between atoms in ZrMn2(110) surface structure is decreased.

弛豫表面结构的计算结果表明表面结构的最表层为曲面，且表面结构的原子间隙变小。

Its hydrophilic groups is the inside carbonyl and amine base, and its lipophilic groups is the inside hydrocarbon chain and outer methyl. PAMAM of integral generation basically has not the surface activity. Its reason is that its outer groups is acylamino groups having very strong hydrophilicity so as not to reduce the surface tension of water. PAMAM different from traditional surfactant, have not critical micelle concentration, and exist in the form of "unimolecule micelle" in water.

结果表明：半代的PAMAM水溶液的表面活性与其分子具有两亲结构有关，亲水基团是内部的羰基和胺基，亲油基团是内部的碳氢链和外层的甲基；整代的PAMAM水溶液基本上没有表面活性，其原因是其最外层基团是酰胺基，亲水性很强，不能降低水的表面张力；树状大分子与传统的表面活性剂不同，不存在临界胶束浓度，在水中是以&单分子胶束&形式存在。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。