表面

The mean velocity distributions in turbulent boundary layers of smooth surface and two different riblet surfaces are measured with IFA300 constant-temperature anemometer in low-speed wind tunnel to validate the full development of turbulent boundary laye. Friction velocity and wall friction stress of turbulent boundary layer are obtained with the least-squares fitted curve of the sublayer velocity distribution based on Spalding formula, and virtual origin position of riblet surface can be acquired accurately.

在低速风洞中来流速度一定的情况下使用IFA300恒温热线风速仪测量了光滑表面和两种不同尺寸的脊状表面湍流边界层平均速度分布剖面，并验证了试验段湍流发展的充分性；通过应用Spalding壁面公式使用最小二乘法精准拟合了实验测量的边界层内层速度分布曲线，得到了湍流边界层壁面摩擦速度并进一步求得湍流壁面摩擦应力，较准确地计算出脊状表面的虚拟原点位置，并通过与对数律公式拟合结果比较分析，证实了该方法更加准确有效。

In this article, the effect on the surface topography of the same material was analyzed by different processing methods, the value of surface parameter arithmetic mean Ra, rootmean-square roughness Rq and gradient root-mean-square value Zq were used to appreciate the surface topography, and the data were processed with the software Matlab.

分析不同加工方法对同一种材料表面形貌的影响，采用表面形貌统计参数中的轮廓高度算术平均值Ra轮廓高度均方根值Rq、坡度均方根值乙对表面形貌进行评价。

An engineering procedure for estimating crack growth behavior and fatigue lives of semielliptical surface cracks at weld toe s in complex stress fields was proposed based on a database of stress intensity factors and the elementary modes method developed by author.

以作者建立的焊趾半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子数据库以及复杂应力场中焊趾半椭圆表面裂纹前缘应力强度因子分布计算的基本模式法为基础，给出了复杂应力场中焊趾表面裂纹在疲劳扩展过程中形态变化规律及寿命的工程分析方法；并用这个方法计算了一些典型焊接接头在一些典型的外加应力场和残余应力场中的裂纹形态发展曲线。

From these result of the experiment, the dynamic modeling can be simulated effectively, when the move speed of tip is faster the shear force in the tip is bigger. In the lithography process the motion of tip influence by the pile up, it leads to the serration surface of the groove, is like the surface of actual material of the cutting process.

由加工成形与磨耗结果回馈，可有效做探针动态建模，并模拟出，当探针移动的速度越快时，针尖所承受的剪应力越大，并且在蚀刻过程中，针尖受表面堆积物的影响，导致沟槽表面类似锯齿形的蚀刻表面与实际加工之情形相似。

The XRD analysis revealed that the relative pure nickel metal products with an average size of 12.6 nm could be obtained using PVA as surfactant, a mixture of nickel and nickel sesquioxide products with an average size of 25 nm was obtained using DTAB as surfactant.

结果表明：以PVA作表面活性剂得到相对纯的纳米镍粉，平均粒径约为12.6nm；而以DTAB为表面活性剂得到镍和三氧化二镍的混合物，平均粒径约为25nm；采用PVA为表面活性剂在产品的纯度和粒度上都优于DTAB。

SERS labelled immunogold was then used as probe to detect the interaction between the Goat anti-rat IgG and silver substrate (which we will use it as the substrate for solid antibody). It is found from experiment that SERS labelled immunogold can be non-specifically adsorbed onto silver surface uniformly because of the strong interaction between the protein molecule and silver.

由于我们设想以银片为免疫检测中固相抗体的基底，所以论文中首先以SERS标记的免疫金溶胶为探针，讨论了抗体与银表面间的作用，实验中发现，SERS标记的免疫金溶胶可以通过抗体与银之间的作用较好的自组装于银表面，同时，银表面上可以测到很强的苯硫酚的SERS信号。

Metal separations, resulting from imperfections at the edges of the plate or skelp, parallel to the surface, which turn toward the ID or OD pipe surface when the edges are upset during welding.

由于钢板或管坯边缘存在的缺欠所产生的平行于对焊表面的金属分离，当焊接过程中对焊边顶锻时，这些缺欠超者管子内表面或外表面翘曲。

In the second chapter, porous silicon is surface modified with four kinds of surfactants: Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Cetyl pyridinium bromide, Sodium oleate and OP.

第二章利用表面活性剂对多孔硅进行表面修饰，研究了不同表面活性剂修饰的多孔硅的荧光光谱。

Different mechanisms and model of the sorption of organic compounds by soli /sediment in combined polluted environment were reviewed, including many factors which influence the sorption.

本文评述了复合污染中有机物在土壤/沉积物上的吸附机理及影响吸附的主要因素，主要论述了共存物质及环境条件对有机物吸附行为的影响，同时，总结了表面活性剂在土壤/沉积物上的吸附机理和吸附模型，探讨了影响表面活性剂吸附的因素，评述了表面活性剂对有机物在土壤/沉积物上吸附行为的影响及机理。

A model to describe the motion of contact line and dynamic contact angle on rough solid surfaces was proposed.

提出一个粗糙表面上移动接触线和动态接触角的数理模型：毛细数较低时表观接触线前缘存在极薄的前驱膜，表观接触线在"湿"固体表面上移动，不同于传统模型中认为表观接触线在"干"固体表面上移动。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。