表面

Our calculated results show that the surface face-centered cubic sites are the most favorable sites at 0.25 monolayer, however, the system with a half of the oxygen adatoms taking the fcc sites and the other half taking the octahedral sites between the second and third layer Octa(2,3) is the most stable configuration at 0.50 ML. When the oxygen coverage is larger than 1.0 ML, each of the oxygen atoms prefer separately taking the fcc and octahedral sites such as Octa(2,3), Octa(4,5) and etc. in the alternate layers.

我们的计算结果表明，在覆盖度为0.25单层时，氧原子占据表面面心立方位置最稳定；在覆盖度为0.50ML时，氧原子同时占据表面fcc位置及第二层和第三层之间的八面体Octa(2，3)位置最稳定；在覆盖度大于等于1.00ML时，氧原子喜欢同时占据间隔一个间隙层的表面和八面体间隙位置，如表面fcc位置、第二和第三层之间的八面体Octa(2，3)位置、第四和第五层之间的八面体Octa(4，5)位置等。

During the course of the initial 1.5ML layer-by-layer growth, the first 0.5ML silver atoms fill in the missingrow sites of the Pt (110)-(1×2) surface and form a pseudo Pt (110)-(1×1)-0.5ML Pt0.5ML Ag surface structure, then the subsequent 0.5ML and the last 0.5ML silver atoms locate on the silver sites and the platinum sites of the pseudo (1×1) surface, respectively. At 600K, the formation of AgPt surface alloys follows the layer-bylayer growth of Ag thin film up to 2.25ML.

Ag原子在表面的定位非常有序，当0≤θ〓≤0.5ML，Ag原子填充Pt(110)-(1×2)表面的&missing-row&位并形成Pt(110)-(1×1)-0.5ML Pt-0.5ML Ag表面结构；当0.5ML≤θ〓≤1.0ML，Ag原子生长在Pt(110)-(1×1)表面的Ag位；当1.0ML≤θ〓≤1.5ML，Ag原子生长在Pt(110)-(1×1)表面的Pt位。600KAg薄膜在Pt(110)-(1×2)表面层层生长至2.25ML，然后形成表面合金。

This is probable attributed to the larger amount of the surface hydroxyl groups and higher surface energy leading the higher reactivity after the treatment in water vapor.

这可能是因水蒸气处理后，表面有更多的表面羟基和更高的表面能，使表面具有更高的反应活性。

A thin film of titanium carbide is obtained by vacuum evaporating oftitanium. With diffusion treatment, the existance of titanium carbide is identified by X-raydiffraction analysis. Quantatitive analysis is made by XPS to invetigate diffusion ofcarbon atom between diamond and titanium film.

用真空蒸镀法在金刚石表面镀覆Ti层，并经扩散处理使金刚石表面形成TiC膜，实现了金刚石表面的金属化。X射线衍射分析证实了TiC的存在，利用XPS定量分析验证了在金刚石表面碳原子与钛镀层之间的反应扩散模型。

The quickly formed film can seperate oxygen, cool down the oil surface and finally extinguish fire quickly.

极低的表面和界面张力导致该泡沫在液体燃料表面具有很强的铺展性，能在极短的时间内在燃料表面铺展成一层液膜，使燃料表面迅速隔氧降温，从而达到迅速灭火的作用。

The relationship between parasagittal meningiomas and draining veins of brain surface can be identified by MR brain surface anatomy scanning, which can evaluate the draining veins correctly and direct to protect the key draining vein, especially the draining vein in functional area of brain surface. It plays important role in the protection of neurological function and the recovery of the postoperation.

磁共振脑表面成像技术能在术前明确矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与脑表面回流静脉之间关系，可在术前对患者肿瘤表面脑回流静脉做出正确的评估，对脑表面重要回流静脉的保护提供了准确的影像学依据，对患者神经功能的保护及术后恢复起到重要作用。

It is necessary to conduct surface modification of small-diameter vascular prosthesis and to enhance hemocompatibility.

因此有必要对小口径人工血管进行表面改性，增加血液相容性，主要改性方法有改变人工血管材料表面结构，增加人工血管表面内皮细胞黏附及人工血管材料表面的接技改性等。

On the other hand, the synergetic effect could be found during BS-UC adding to mixed alkanes culture. Furthermore, BS-UC could increase the hydrophobicity of cell surface and thus enhanced the ability of cell attachment to alkane. Adding BS-UC also increased the Zeta-potential of cell and medium surfaces significantly, i. e. BS-UC could decreased the negative electric charge density of their surface, so the repulsive tension between cell and medium would be weakened and the adsorption of them would be easier. The results of the test with sand filled column for investigating the cell adsorption in pore-medium showed that the residual amount of cell in the column increased with increase of adding BS-UC concentration.

此外，在以混合烃类为底物时会产生一定的协同促进效应；添加生物表面活性剂BS-UC，可以显著提高细胞表面疏水性，使得其与烃类及其它疏水表面接触能力增强；BS-UC还可以明显提高细胞及介质表面的ζ电位，使所带负电荷密度降低，从而使得两者间斥力减小而便于吸附；通过沙填充柱洗脱实验，对BS-UC增强细胞在填充介质中吸附能力进行了考察发现，随BS-UC浓度的增加，细胞在填充介质中的保留量也随之增加。

10EV and 100eV bombardments have two different influences on the behavior of surface atoms.

10eV、100eV粒子的轰击对表面原子的行为有两方面的影响：一方面，增强了表面原子形成二聚体的能力，使表面二聚体成键数量增加；另一方面，也使表面原子排列无序程度增加，非晶化倾向变得明显。

According to the gap in the field,the effect of mutative skin temperature on objects' millimeter wave radiation temperature is studied. The radiation temperatures of various objects with different skin temperatures are measured by 3 mm DC Dicke radiometer.The result shows the change rules of radiation temperatures of objects with different emissivities are distinct.And the effect is more obvious as the higher emissivity.Based on measured data, temperature variation coefficients of various objects are calculated by the least square method.

针对目标表面温度实时变化引起毫米波辐射变化的规律尚未被研究的现状，使用3 mm直流Dicke式辐射计对不同表面温度条件下的目标辐射温度进行了测量，发现使用不同发射率材料的目标的辐射温度随表面温度变化的规律明显不同，材料发射率越高，目标辐射温度受表面温度的影响越大。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。