表面

Finally, we selected Gemini surfactant GNP, GTB and trimeric surfactant TNP to be used as emulsifier to achieve cationic slow breaking and quick-setting bituminous emulsion.

与结构类同的传统型乳化剂相比，Gemini表面活性剂GNP和GTB以及三聚体阳离子表面活性剂TNP具有更高表面活性和较强的荷电强度，因而更适用于慢裂快凝乳化沥青稀浆封层道路施工技术，其表面活性剂的结构对稀浆封层沥青乳液与矿料的拌和时间有重要影响，其拌和时间由长到短依次为：TNP＞GTB＞GNP。

The maximal fluorescence intensity of the ring is proportional to the content of quinidine sulfate.An SOR method for the determination of quinidine sulfate was established in the range of 0.2 ~1.4×10~(-12) mol,and the limit of detection(3σ) was 2.6×10~(-14)mol.

研究表明，只要满足液滴与表面的接触角不为零、液滴与表面的接触线被固定、溶剂能挥发等3个条件，固载表面上液滴中的溶质将在固载表面的接触线上聚集而形成一个自组装成环。

Multiple linear regression equation between LST and brightness temperatures of AVHRR channels 4 and 5 was almost at the significant level (p＜0.05), and the level was not improved by adding brightness temperature of AVHRR channel 3 as a regressor. Path analysis is a statistical technique that partitions correlations into direct and indirect effects, and differentiates between correlation and causation. The results of path analysis showed that the direct effects and indirect effects of brightness temperatures of AVHRR channels 4 and 5 to LST were strong, respectively, the direct effect and indirect effects of brightness temperature of AVHRR channels 3 to LST were weak. These implied the brightness temperatures AVHRR channels 4 and 5 should be involved in retrieving LST.

多元线性回归分析结果表明，土地表面温度与AVHRR第4、5波段亮度温度间的回归方程接近5％的显著水平；通径分析的结果表明，AVHRR第4、5波段的亮度温度对土地表面温度的直接作用和间接作用均较强，而AVHRR第3波段的亮度温度对土地表面温度的直接作用和间接作用均较弱，因此，在反演土地表面温度时必须同时考虑AVHRR第4、5波段的亮度温度。

The SEM analysis shows the nano-size roughness on the plasma treated or chemical surface modified wool scales.Wenzel equation and Cassie and Baxter equation are used to illustrate the relationship between surface roughness and contact angle,then to reveal the reasons why surface modifications are able to impart an improved water repellence and oil repellence and stain resistance to wool.

SEM研究结果表明，经低温等离子体表面改性或特定化学改性后的羊毛鳞片表面呈现纳米尺度的沟槽和凹凸结构，应用Wenzel公式和Cassie and Baxter公式阐述了表面粗糙度与接触角的关系，揭示了羊毛表面改性对于提高拒水拒油整理效果的原因所在。

In this article, the effect on the surface topography of the same material was analyzed by different processing methods, the value of surface parameter arithmetic mean R, root-mean-square roughness R and gradient root-mean-square value Z were used to appreciate the surface topography, and the data were processed with the software Matlab.

分析不同加工方法对同一种材料表面形貌的影响，采用表面形貌统计参数中的轮廓高度算术平均值R、轮廓高度均方根值R、坡度均方根值Z，对表面形貌进行评价，结果表明，准分子激光加工表面的R、R，和Z，值均比研磨加工表面小。

By using the laser-lift-off technique followed by plasma etching process to roughen the surface, the VLEDs with n-GaN surface roughening has been fabricated.

另一部份，则是在垂直式氮化镓发光二极体的表面制造粗化的效果，以来增进光从发光二极体中萃取出的效率，利用乾式蚀刻将表面制造出粗化的效果，再利用标准的黄光微影制成技术，因此成功的制造出n型表面粗化的垂直式氮化镓发光二极体，至於出光强度的增强量会随者表面粗化情况的不同有著30%？

To study the surface hydrophobicity of solid materials with the lattice Boltzmann method , the rough surface is approximately treated with simple periodic rectangular, saw-toothed and semicircular protrusions structure respectively. A two-phase lattice Boltzmann model is used to simulate the changes of surface hydrophobicity by calculating the contact angles of a droplet on rough surfaces.

将固体表面分别近似为具有简单的周期性矩形、三角形和半圆形微粗糙结构表面，建立两相流的晶格玻尔兹曼模型，通过测量不同微粗糙结构表面上液滴的接触角，探讨微结构形状和尺寸的改变对固体材料表面疏水性能的影响。

Different processes are used on the back surface of silicon wafers to form cells falling into three groups: textured, planar, and sawed-off pyramid back surface.

采用了三种不同的工艺对三组硅片进行背表面处理，得到绒面背表面，平背表面和截断金字塔背表面。

By employing the diffraction grating coupling technology and the basic theory of surface plasmons,we successfully excited the SPs along Al/air interface,and first observed the extraordinary enhancement and beaming effect of EMW transmission through a single subwavelength metallic slit in X-band microwaves.

利用表面衍射光栅耦合技术和表面等离子体激元的基本理论，成功地在金属铝的表面上耦合激发了表面等离子体激元，首次在微波的X波段发现了电磁波通过亚波长金属狭缝的超强透射和聚束效应。

The goals of our work are to study the way of TiN coating on the chamber surface, especially on the inner surface of slightness pipe vacuum chamber, to get the surface with the characters of low surface thermal outgassing rate, low photon stimulated desorption and resistance to multi-electron impact, and to achieve experiment data and theory analysis as the basement of the fabrication of future particle accelerator EHV system.

本课题目的是实验研究采用材料表面溅射沉积TiN膜表面处理方法，获得材料极低表面热放气率、抗多次电子撞击和较低的辐射光致解吸，特别是细长管道真空室表面处理，为新一代粒子储存环极高真空系统建造提供实验数据和理论依据。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。