表象论

Not determined by their distal causal history, i.e. that content externalism is wrong. We cannot

States的表象内容通过它们的distal causal history所规定/决定，即内容外在论是错误的。

In fact, scientific realism and social constructivism owned some common metaphysical grounds: they all derived from the seeking for the validity of knowledge and recognized the metaphysics of mind freedom; they all have some liability of presumption and fundamentalism; and they all go along from representationalism to practice, etc.

实际上，科学实在论与社会建构论具有一些共同的形而上学根基：他们都源于对知识的有效性的追求，都认可意志自由的形而上学；都有某种预设主义和本质主义的倾向；都从表象走向了实践，等等。

One might ask about specific reductive views, such as representationalism (which identifies consciousness with certain representational states), and higher-order thought theory (which identifies consciousness with the objects of higher-order thoughts).

有人会追问一些特殊的还原观点，例如表象论（这把意识等同于特定的表象状态），高阶思维理论（这把意识等同于高阶思维的对象）。

Perceptual experience: disjunctivism, qualia theory, representationalism, or sense-datum theory?

感知经验：分离论，感受质理论，表象论，或，感觉材料理论？

It is firstly pointed out why traditional epistemology cannot accept the concept of power, so we must shift the view of knowledge and turn from representationism to know-how. Thus, essential correlations between knowledge and power will be set up. In the last part, several difficulties caused by the shift, such as the problems of rationality and relativism, are presented.

文章首先考察了传统的知识论为什么无法容纳权力概念，接着指出从表象主义的知识观向能知的知识观的转变的必要性以及此种知识概念与权力的内在相关性，文章最后讨论了这种转变带来的合理性和相对主义等问题。

Now if the given representation occasioning the judgement of taste were a concept which united understanding and imagination in the estimate of the object so as to give a cognition of the object , the consciousness of this relation would be intellectual as in the objective schematism of judgement dealt with in the Critique .

假如引发鉴赏判断的给定的表象是一个概念，这一概念在对对象的判断中把理性和想象力结合为对对象的认知，那么对于这种关系的意识就是智性的(就如我们在里讨论的判断力的客观图型论)。

The aesthetic system of Schopenhauer is based upon the idealistic philosophy of voluntarism, meaning that all phenomena of beauty are the presentational forms of the objective nature of Ideas.

叔本华的美学体系直接建立在他的唯意志论的唯心主义的哲学之上。认为一切美的现象都是理念的客体本质的表象形态。

By means of the total cognition, linear evolutional theory and comprehensive history writing (also assisted by the annals and hitory pictures), this kind of teleological narrative shows a tendential plot of "5-stage-socety" and spreads a gist of the political faith education, which demands the educated to know" where we're from-where were now-where were to go".

这种目的论制导的历史叙事，通过整体认知方式、线性进化观和大通史写作手法，并配以大事年表和表象插图，彰显出&五阶段论&的趋势论情结，传播了一种政治信仰教育的要旨，即要受教育者弄明白&我们从何而来－现处何地－将奔向何方&。

Existentialism has given up the pursuit of uniqueness and attached importance to the practice of man. As far as practice-dominated philosophy of science concerned, it is an understanding of the practical essence of science, and no longer entangles whether or not scientific knowledge is the representation of the nature.

生存论哲学放弃了对唯一性的追求，关注人的生存实践本身，具体到实践科学观，则是对科学的实践本质的认识，不再纠缠于科学知识是否是对自然界的表象。

Itpossesses the following three characteristics:Thoroughness,based on pure"Ontology",which is characterized by non-objective thought and non-anthropological horizon,it bothexternally and internally transcends modernity;Constructiveness,the task of transcendingmodernity is not to advocate destructive post-modernity,which is in the condition of puretexts,like vacuum,but to re-construct lively"pre-modernity";Actuality,the practicality of thechannels of saving modernity——"thinking"and"poetizing"——determines the actuality ofhis critique.

此种批判具有三个特点：一、彻底性，即非表象性的思维与超人类中心主义的视域所构建的纯&存在&论外在而又内在地彻底超越了现代性；二、建设性，即超越现代性的后果不是倡导纯然破坏性、文本化的后现代性，而是在回归中重建积极的、活生生的&前现代性&；三、现实性，即拯救现代性、回归&前现代性&的途径——&诗意之思&、&思性的诗&——是实实在在地为人所秉有、运作与实现，这决定了他的批判蕴涵有深厚的现实意义。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。