表皮形成

Recent studies have shown that 12R-LOX and eLOX3 take part in terminal keratinocyte differentiation via arachidonic acid pathway, regulate the formation, development and function of, affect the appearance and structure of skin barrier, and play important roles in the pathogenesis of many dermatoses e.g.

近年来研究发现，12R-脂氧合酶和表皮型脂氧合酶3可以通过花生四烯酸代谢途径参与皮肤的终末分化，调节皮肤屏障的发育、形成、功能及影响其外观与结构，并且在先天性鱼鳞病、银屑病等皮肤病发病机制中起作用。

Seborrheic keratoses is a benign epidermal keratinocyte tumor.

脂溢性角化病是一种良性表皮角质形成细胞肿瘤。

Results For callus induction of leaf explants of C. orchioides, dark treatment gave better results compared to light treatment; among the media tested, the suitable phytohormone combinations were 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D or 6-BA 1.5 mg/L 2, 4-D 2.5 mg/L, and 300 mg/L CH 0.2% AC was good for plantlet regeneration from leaf explants. The callus from leaf explants mainly originated from midrib. The parenchyma cells near epicuticle of midrib firstly were initiated to division. Then the parenchyma cells of vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells on each side of vascular bundle were also divided to form callus.

结果对仙茅叶片的愈伤诱导，黑暗的效果好于光照；在所试验的培养基成分中，适宜的激素配比是2.0mg/L2，4-D或6-BA1.5mg/L 2，4-D2.5mg/L，并且附加300mg/L水解酪蛋白和0.2%活性炭，对于仙茅叶片的离体成苗较好；培养后，愈伤组织主要由叶片的中脉产生，位于中脉上表皮内侧的薄壁细胞首先启动分裂，随后维管束鞘薄壁细胞及其外侧的叶肉细胞也启动分裂，参与愈伤组织的形成。

Diamondback moth larvae hatch in early often leaves into the upper and lower epidermis mesophyll between the feeding to form a small tunnel, but the food is very small, not easily found.

小菜蛾初孵幼虫往往钻入叶片上、下表皮之间取食叶肉，形成小的隧道，但食量很小，不易被发现。

Acne is caused by overactive oil glands stimulated by androgens mixing with dead skin cells.

痤疮是由于雄激素刺激下的皮脂腺过度分泌混合死亡的表皮细胞而形成的。

The cork replaces the epidermis in certain woody plants, forming an impervious layer broken only by lenticels.

在某些木本植物中，木栓层取代了表皮，形成仅在皮孔处才有间断的不透水层。

Cutin A group of substances chemically related to fatty acids forming a continuous layer called the cuticle on the epidermis of plants, interrupted only by stomata or lenticels.

cutin 角质：化学组成上类似脂肪酸的一类物质在除气孔，皮孔以外的植物表皮上形成连续的角质层。

The smell of plants is emitted from trichomes, which are a kind of special structures generated form the specification of Plant Epidermal cells.

植物所产生的气味都是从其表皮细胞特化形成的特定结构中即毛状体释放出来的。

The spiracles are bigger and more near dorsal line than all the others. Their trachea branches are taper and abundant and form short tracheoles. This gave the tufted form to the trachea, which appeared shrubby. The trachea branches that arranged in other segments gave them a tree-like look. They do not directly supply oxygen for tissues, but they suspend in the hemolymph and attach to the muscle of the heart, so that they can move in constant with the contraction of the heart muscle.②The 8th segment tracheal tufts have thinner cuticle and basal lamina than that of the other trachea, and have much pad cuticle, which is appropriate for them to move, and their basal lamina have small pores, which are favour of the permeation of gas.③Injecting the methylene blue into the larvae to label hemolymph, we observed that the hemolymph flow into the heart through the 8th segment tracheal tufts.④Normally these tracheal tufts have all kinds of hemocytes, which are abundant in the tufts. A large number of hemocytes released from tissues attach to the tufts by changing their structure when anoxic stress happen.

气管分支细短而丰富，形成气管簇，呈灌木丛状（其它各节气管则呈粗树干状分布），它不是直接给组织供氧，而是悬浮在血液中，与心肌相连接，随着心肌的收缩而不断运动；②气管簇的内膜及底膜都比其它各节的薄，且管壁内膜具有更多的适合运动的垫状表皮，底膜还有小孔结构，这有利于气体的通透；③向体内注射蓝色的亚甲基蓝标记血液发现，血液流动方向是经该气管簇后而流回心脏；④正常情况下，气管簇处有各种各样的血细胞聚集，当缺氧胁迫时有大量的血细胞从组织中释放出来，通过变形而紧贴气管簇，有利于气体的交换；⑤给体内注射无色的亚甲基蓝发现气管簇比其它各节更易变蓝，说明该处具有更高的获氧能力。

Methods The epidermal skin around the areola was removed. The skin and tissue of trapezoidal area below breast were removed. The purse-string suture was performed to form a new areola.

方法去除乳晕周围皮肤的表皮，切除乳房下方梯形区域内的皮肤和乳腺组织，再以荷包缝合形成新乳晕，手术后仅在乳房下半留有一条垂直短小瘢痕。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。