表皮

Objective To investigate the mechanism of epidermal proliferation and differentiation under the influence of skin expansion.

目的：初步观察皮肤扩张术对表皮细胞增殖分化的影响并探讨其机制。

His skin was red and sun-blistered, with a creamy white underlayer showing through where he had peeled.

他的皮肤呈晒伤后的红色，表皮脱落处露出乳白色的内层。

In comparison with the control group,the blood flow,survival length and the length to width ratio of the expanded flap in the experimental group increased statistically.The immediate retraction ratio of the flap decreased significantly.The epidermis was thicker while the dermis was not significant different from the control.The panniculus carnosus was significant thinner in the expanded group than the unexpanded group.The deep connective tissue was statistically thinner in the group using the new type expander.

结果 双囊扩张器能有效地将药物导入到扩张囊周围的组织中发挥药理作用，使扩张后的皮瓣血流量较常规扩张组显著提高，成活长度、长宽比例也明显增加，回缩率明显降低，表皮明显增厚，包膜较其他各组明显变薄，真皮在各扩张组和未扩张组相比无明显变化，但肉膜层扩张组较未扩张组明显变薄。

From the tests,we have obtained some structural variant features related with salt resistance and demonstrated the successful introduction of Rhizophora apicularta DNA into tomato.This thesis contains two parts. In the first part,the morphological and anatomical structures of the leaves were investigated. As to the morphology,some difference between control and transformed tomato were found. The leaf dimensions of the transformed tomato with unextended leaves were smaller than that of control. These structure changes should help to decrease the evaporation of water effectively and release the physiological drought resulted from saline.

本实验分两部分：第一部分、对转化番茄的形态及细胞显微结构进行观察与分析，实验表明转化番茄形态与对照相比有明显的变化，其叶面积变小，叶形收拢，这种结构可有效地减少水分的蒸发，缓解由盐胁产生的生理干旱；组织解剖结构结果显示，耐盐番茄在细胞结构上发生了明显的变异：其气孔器倾向下陷，表皮毛增多，叶脉微管组织不发达，微管束周围出现增多的贮水细胞，叶缘及其它部位表面分化出大型的多细胞分泌型结构，这些结构与转化番茄后代较强的耐盐能力有关。

But in 2007, scientists made a revolutionary breakthrough. Three different groups simultaneously announced that they had converted unipotent, mature skin cells back into an undifferentiated state. In other words, they had created cells that behaved like embryonic stem cells without using any embryo derived materials.

可是在2007年时，科学家们取得了革命性的突破，三个不同的小组同时宣布他们能够把已分化、成熟的表皮细胞转会一种未分化的状态，换句话说，他们制造了一种类似胚胎干细胞的细胞，但没用到任何源于胚胎的原料。

In the leaves of Liriodendroideae, some of the abaxial epidermal cells are papillose and the vascular tissue of the main vein appears to be separated. However, papillose were not found and there are uniseriate, multicellular or unicellular hairs distributed on the epidermis, and the vascular tissue of the main vein appears to be continuous in the leaves of Magnolioideae. Furthermore, in the Magnolioideae, the structure of the leaves of plants in Manglietia are different from that of Magnolia.

结果表明：鹅掌楸亚科和木兰亚科在叶的结构上的主要区别是鹅掌楸亚科两种植物叶的部分下表皮细胞呈乳突状，且整个细胞外壁只形成一个乳突，而在木兰亚科的植物中有单列多细胞或单细胞的表皮毛，未发现乳突；鹅掌楸亚科植物的叶主脉维管组织环分隔呈束状，且其外包被的纤维也排列成束状，而木兰亚科的80种1亚种植物中，叶主脉维管组织连成轮状，其外面也由一圈连续的纤维环所包围。

Leaf indumentum of Lasianthus species can he classified into single-celled hairs and uniseriate multi-celled hairs including linear, twisted and straight-walled hairs.

表皮毛分为单细胞毛和单列多细胞毛两种结构类型以及扭曲毛，线形毛和直壁毛3种形态类型。

Ground tissues The unspecialized tissues that are found in any region of the plant not occupied by the specialized tissue of vascular bundles, cambium, epidermis, etc.

基本组织：是存在于植物体任何部位的除维管束、形成层、表皮等特化组织以外的非特化组织。

So look leather upper spheres models. I tried to render them with the mental-ray. That's the result

制作好表皮赋予模型，我试着使用MENTALRAY经行渲染，这是结果

The results showed that the changes of the types were not caused by new cell mutation, but by translocation of the different cell types of variegation. The changes of division direction of white cells and green cells resulted that some of the green epidermal cells translocated into the second layer and it pushed furthermore the origin white cells of the second layer into the third layer, so that the variegation altered.

Pollock'突变型异化不是由于细胞突变形成，而是由于质体突变型白色细胞和原型绿色细胞在生长发育过程中相互竞争转轨所致，即白色细胞和原型绿色细胞改变了分裂方向，部分表皮绿色细胞进人第二层，挤压第二层白色细胞转轨进人第三层，导致细胞类型的移位，从而形成异型斑。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。