表皮

The results show that the anticlinal walls of upper epidermis in Pseudocystopteris and Athyrium are a little thicker and the shape of them is wavilness; the density of stomata and the type of stomata apparatus on lower epidermis are similar.

结果显示：假冷蕨属和蹄盖蕨属植物上表皮细胞的垂周壁都有加厚，且多为波浪状；下表皮细胞的气孔密度和气孔器类型也很接近。

Young bine submits square column form, rod by silver-colored gray scale, burgeon skin celadon, have the leather opening of a lot of slit, add gradually when burgeon thick, lignification degree is strengthened, cuticular by ash green turn into gray, leather aperture turns garden into drop record.

主枝和分枝。幼茎呈方柱形，小枝被银灰色鳞片，嫩枝表皮灰绿色，有许多纵裂的皮孔，当嫩枝逐渐增粗，木质化程度加强，表皮由灰绿变为灰色，皮孔便变成园点状。

Though the blain type does course the wound on skin, it makes the scarfskin thicker.

水疱型脚气虽没有皮肤表皮损伤，但是会导致表皮增厚。

There was no significant difference in epithelial destruction, intra-luminal obstruction and BO formation between allografts from HO-1 transgenic pigs or non-transgenic pigs. However, in day 28 and 56 allografts, we did see some of the grafts still showed bronchiole structure with normal epithelial cells which hasn'tbeen found before.

使用HO-1 基因猪的异体移植肺块，在气管表皮破坏、气管内径阻塞、及阻塞性细支气管炎形成的程度，与使用非基因猪并无显著差异，惟在第28 天及56 天的肺块中，有部份的异体移植肺块中可见正常的支气管型态及表皮细胞。

Results showed that all leaves consisted of epidermis, chlorenchyma, aquiferous tissue and vascular bundles. The leaves had the xeromorphic characteristics, including thickened epidermal cell wall, thickened cuticle, sunken stomata and well_developed aquiferous tissue. With the exception of this, there were remarkable differences in leaf structure among the six species.

结果表明，6种芦荟叶均由表皮、光合组织、储水组织和维管束组成，都表现出明显的旱生植物肉质叶的结构特征，表皮由一层扁平的细胞组成，其外壁加厚，并覆盖着厚的角质膜，气孔器凹陷，储水组织发达。

Methods The Epidermal stem cell were isolated by adhering to collagen type IV after obtained by digesting human foreskin with Dispase Ⅱ and Tryp and culture in vitro in K-SFM. The expressions of β1-integrin and keratin 19 (K19) in epidermal stem cell were detected with immunocytochemical methods,and the colony forming efficiency was also studied .

中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶两步法从手术切除的人包皮组织中分离表皮层和真皮层，并获得表皮单细胞悬液，采用Ⅳ型胶原铺板选择性粘附、分离和角质形成细胞无血清培养基培养表皮干细胞。

In order to further investigate the relationship of SP and ESCs, we design two level experiments —in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, firstly, We establish the nomal rat full-thickness wounds model, and employ integrin β1 keratin 19(K19)、 keratin 15(K15)、 Brdu as ESCs markers to conform the existence of ESCs in the granulation tissue of Group Capsaicin (rats were subcutaneously injected capsaicin pre-injury to damage sensory neuron and block the secretion of neuropeptides), Group Control, and Group SP (rats were injected SP in the wound postinjury). Secondly, as diabetic skin lacking of SP due to extensive pathological changes of sensory ending, we make a hypothesis:one of the main reason of unhealing wounds on diabetic patients could be insufficient SP which lead to fewer ESCs recruitment around wounds.

在此基础上，为进一步验证P物质促进表皮干细胞向肉芽组织中募集这一重要发现，本研究首先利用β1整合素、K19、K15等干细胞标记物以及干细胞慢周期性的特点，分别在体观察了正常皮肤伤口愈合过程中SP组、辣椒素组采用特异性感觉神经毒性药物辣椒素(capsaicin皮下预注射化学性除去感觉神经从而阻止神经肽分泌、对照组肉芽组织中表皮干细胞分布特点；其次，糖尿病患者皮肤存在周围末梢神经的损伤和神经肽含量的下降，这是否会导致糖尿病皮肤伤口创缘表皮干细胞募集不足，继发伤口难愈？

In order to know the evolutionary relationships between false vein, ISC, and VSC in Pteridaceae, 19 grnera and 82 species in Pteridaceae were sampled in this study; silica deposition types, ordinary epidermal cell morphology and veinal epidermal cells morphology of these species were surveyed. On the other hand, a convenient method was developed for this goal. In this method, a tabletop SEM with backscattered electron detector accompanied by post-cooling method was used.

为进一步探讨凤尾蕨科假脉、脉间矽异形细胞与脉上矽异形细胞之间的关系及其於凤尾蕨科内的演化，本论文选取19属82种的凤尾蕨科植物，观察其叶表面之二氧化矽堆积型式、一般表皮细胞形态以及脉上表皮细胞形态；同时，也开发出利用侦测背向散射电子之桌上型扫描式电子显微镜配合后冷却技术(post-cooling method)之快速检测法，该方法利用背向散射电子讯号强弱与平均原子数(average atomic number， Z number)之相关性得到矽异形细胞与一般表皮细胞具有明显对比之影像。

It was shown that the shapes of upper leaf epidermal cells varies from irregularly sinuolate, nearly elliptic to irregularly polygonal. The lower leaf epidermal cells are usually irregularly sinuous or sinuate. The patterns of anticlinal walls are sinuate irregularly, and the ambits are inconspicuous between the cells.

粗叶木属植物上表皮细胞形状一般呈不规则波状、近椭圆形或者不规则多边形，下表皮细胞一般呈不规则皱波状或者多裂深波状，细胞壁曲折无章，细胞间界限不明显，上、下表皮细胞壁均有加厚现象。

The results showed that the plant had the character of damp-inhabiting, the cutical on the epidermis of stem and leaf is rather thin but without wax-layer, its stomata protrude clearly on the lower surface of leaf, the rate of palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma is rather low and the cortex is well developed in root.

结果表明蓝靛果具有明显的湿生特征：茎、叶表皮的角质层薄，无蜡被；叶片上表皮细胞甚大，无气孔，下表皮细胞小，气孔明显突起；叶脉导管直径小，壁薄；叶肉栅栏组织/海绵组织小；根的皮层发达，富细胞间隙。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。