表皮

Cytological observation showed that after spraying Paclobutrazol and Unlconazole, the length of the epidermal cells of the stem became significantly shorter but not its width, its pilus epidermidis significantly shorter, the number of cells for each pilus epidermidis significantly less and the diameter of its sieve tube became significantly smaller.

细胞学观察表明，喷施多效唑和烯效唑，其茎秆表皮细胞长径显著变短，短径无显著变化；茎秆表皮毛显著变短，每个表皮毛的细胞数显著减少；茎秆筛管直径显著变小。

A few epidermal hairs distributed on the Costa of Lonicera Japonica Thumb. The upper epidermis of Solidago decurrens Lour were covered with sparse stellate hairs. The stomas distributed on the upper epidermis hairs of Lonicera Japonica Thunb, Lonicera confuse and Solidago decurrens Lour, which could reflect the sunlight and decrease the transpiration to adapt the highlight and drought environment;(2) The leaf blades of Polygala japonica butt were fleshy, and the sunk stomas distributed on both the sunk place of the upper epidermis and lower epidermis, which help to water conservation.

结果：(1)忍冬、华南忍冬、黄花草下表皮均分布浓密的表皮毛，忍冬上表面中脉有少量表皮毛，黄花草上表皮分布有稀疏的星状表皮毛，忍冬、华南忍冬和黄花草的气孔位于下表皮毛间隙，这种结构可反射阳光和阻止水分蒸发，从而适应强光和水分不足的环境；(2)瓜子金叶片为肉质叶，上下表面均有气孔分布，并出现明显的下陷。

Leaf epidermis of 35 species of Ormosia in China was examined under light microscope andscanning electron microscope. The epidermal cells of both upper and lower leaf surfaces are polygonal or irregular in shape, anticlinal walls are straight, arched, sinuolate or sinuate, and stomata are elliptic or ovate.

用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了红豆属35种的叶表皮形态，这些植物的叶上下表皮细胞为不规则形或多边形，垂周壁有平直、弓形、浅波状或深波状，表皮细胞形状和垂周壁在种间有一些差异。

Result showed that the epidermis dominant the morphogenesis changes. Mesenchymal is subdominant.β-catenin expression begin from horny placode epidermis stage and go up increasingly to peak value and maintain in hair follicle. The range of mesenchymal change is less.

结果表明，牦牛角的形态发生按照角基毛囊和角质外鞘发生与否分为5个阶段：角原基前期(Ed≤60)表皮增厚，无毛囊发生；角原基中期(Ed60~140)表皮持续增厚，有少量毛囊发生；角原基后期(Ed140~250)表皮变薄，大量毛囊发生；肉角期(≤0.5 a)真皮乳头发生；成角期(≥0.5 a)形成角质外鞘。

The coefficient V can be named as the dimensionless layer flowing factor, means the ratio of surface coefficients irrespective of production over the total surface coefficients among the maximum surface coefficients under the condition of unideal flow. Obviously, 1-V represents the ratio of the surface coefficients relating with production rate over the total surface coefficients.

系数V可称为无因次层流系数，它表示在所有非理想流动条件下的最大总表皮系数中，与产量无关的表皮系数所占的份额，对应的1-V则是代表与产量有关的表皮系数所占的份额。

Methods S. epidermidis atlE gene expression level at different phases was detected by RT-PCR, and the accumulation of extracellular DNA at different phases was assessed by spectrophotometric measurements of light absorbance by DNA; DNase Ⅰ was used to study the function of extracellular DNA in biofilm formation and primary attachment. The effects of atlE gene deletion on initial adherent capacity, biofilm formation and extracellular DNA release were studied by construction of atlE deletion mutant via homologous recombination.

采用RT-PCR法检测表皮葡萄球菌atZE基因在不同时期的表达水平，用紫外分光光度计检测DNA的方法检测了相应时期的胞外DNA的释放量，并用DNA酶研究表皮葡萄球菌胞外DNA在生物膜形成和起始黏附中的作用；采用ρBT2质粒同源重组敲除的方法构建了表皮葡萄球菌1457的atlE基因突变株，研究atlE基因敲除突变对起始黏附能力、生物膜形成及胞外DNA释放能力的影响。

Stratum basale: the innermost layer of epidermis, it's the source to produce cells of every layer, once the epidermis is damaged, cells of this layer would proliferate and repair it without any scar, cells of this layer use about four weeks to finish the process of produced-cornified-detached .

基底层：是表皮的最里层，是表皮各层细胞的生成之源，每当表皮破损，这种细胞就会增生修复，不留任何遗痕，基层细胞从生成到经过角化脱落大约四个星期。

The leaf epidermis structures of 6 species of Rhododendron had been observed under LM and SEM. The results show that all share together common features as follows: the leaf blades are typical back-abdomen bifacial types, the upper epidermis are formed by two or three layer bigger cells which inside layer cell is bigger than outside one, and the upper epidermis are covered with thicker cuticle.

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了6种杜鹃属植物的叶片结构，结果表明，它们具有共同形态结构特征：典型的异面叶，上表皮由2~3层细胞组成，内大外小或内、外等大，有较厚的角质膜，无气孔器分布；下表皮均由1层细胞组成，排列紧密；栅栏组织由2层以上长柱形细胞组成，排列紧密；海绵组织细胞较短，排列较疏松，细胞间隙较大；均有表皮附属物。

According to the shape of head, the glandular hairs were divided into capitate and pehate glandular hairs.

根据腺毛头部形状可把腺毛分为盾状腺毛和头状腺毛，二者均发生得很早，它们的原始细胞都来源于原表皮，一般在茎尖第1和第2片叶原基的原表皮细胞以及茎的1～2节间原表皮细胞中开始发生。

The results showed that fruit crispness was influenced by several factors including fruit skin thickness, thin-wall cells increasing progressively, cellulous content and fruit hardness. The relationships among those factors showed that thicker epidermal cells might mean unsuitable fruit crispness. Fruit crispness would be better if the volume of thin-wall cells very close to epidermal size increased rapidly.

对黄瓜果实脆度与组织结构和纤维素含量关系的初步研究表明，影响黄瓜脆度的因素包括果皮厚度、薄壁细胞递增情况、纤维素含量和果实硬度等，它们的基本关系表现为：表皮的厚度要适中，过厚的表皮脆度不好；近表皮的薄壁细胞由大到小递增快的，多表现为比较脆。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐