表演者

Every one of us should effected by the festival no matter you are a bagger or a teacher, because even bagger can earn much more than normal day. If you would like to visit Edinburgh, please don't come during August, because you can't really see the true of Edinburgh.

的确爱丁堡festival不愧称为是世界最大型的艺术节，以它的节目规模和人数你真的难以想象；但是我还是比较喜欢原来安静的爱丁堡，这样的热闹一个月对我来说实在太长了；这个月到处好像都是吵吵闹闹的，满街都是穿着古灵精怪服装的表演者；我想若我穿着底裤满街跑也不会有人觉得惊讶，因为人们只当你是其中一个的表演者而已。

The contents include:Interpretation;Prohibition of making records without consent of performers;Prohibition of making cinematograph films without consent of performers; Foreign records and films to be deemed to contravene Act in certain circumstances;Rebroadcasting of performances; Giving of consent without authority and so on.

其内容包括：释义；禁止未经表演者同意的录制；禁止制作未经表演者同意的电影；在某些情况下被视为违法的外国记录和电影；表演的转播：未经授权但被认可的权利等等。

Performers ' right is right a performer possesses on his performance , and is the core content of dramaturgy legal nexus .

表演者权是表演者对其表演享有的权利，是演出法律关系的核心内容。

I still vividly remember my band director in 9th grade saying that to me. I was the best oboe player, but I was also the only oboe player.

至今，我还清楚地记得在我九年级时，我的乐团指挥曾这样对我说，我是最好的双簧管表演者，但我是乐团唯一的双簧管表演者。

For example:"When the curtain went up, Roger stared at the performers in wide-eyed amazement," or "The wide-eyed children looked on as the ringmaster put his head in the lion's mouth."

「帘幕拉起时，罗杰睁大眼诧异地盯著表演者瞧」或是「看马戏团表演者把头放进狮子嘴里，孩子们惊讶地瞪大了眼睛」。

However, the opera structure allows space for the performers to perform in their own way. Actually, the audience is more infatuated with the performers' unique way of presentation than attracted by the unwinding of plot.

仍以中国的京剧或昆曲为观察点，它们的情节大都为观众所熟知，其结构中通常隐含着可供表演者挥洒的空间（而这种表演者的发挥往往是以歌舞的形式出现）；观众看戏，与其说是被未知的剧情所吸引，还不如说是为表演者独到的阐释方式所迷恋。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

The mimes, the musician, the dancers, in the parks, on the streets.

幽默表演者，音乐表演者，舞蹈表演者，在公园里，在街道边。

An actor who overacts or a performer who exaggerates.

过火的表演者，夸张的表演者

Traditionally, most of the performers at the festival are not well known outside of Louisiana. More than eighty percent of the performers are locals, including Buckwheat Zydeco. Here is his song "I'm Gonna Love You Anyway."

一般来说，这个盛典上的大多数表演者在路易斯安娜州以外的地区不太出名，80%的表演者是当地人如巴克威特-捷地克，下面来听一首他演唱的歌曲&我就是爱你&。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了