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By systemic researching and simulating experiment, the text gains such results as follows,1. On the base of sufficiency research on the oil-gas hydrocarbon systemic chemistry composing and the physical chemistry characters, we traverse the mechanism of the paraffin's deposition. Then we consider that paraffin deposition is a complex process ofphysical chemistry, which includes more than one single mechanism.2. Traversing and comparing the literature in detail on different factors that has effect on paraffin deposition, the available experimental methods on paraffin deposition, prevention of paraffin deposition, and removing of the deposited paraffin on the spot.3. Ameliorated the laser equipment of solid particle inspecting system and the corresponding test methods. Determine WCT of dead oil and live oil from KS101 well under different pressure with this system. The result implies that dead oil has opposite regulation on paraffin deposition temperature to live oil.4. A vapor-liquid-solid envelop is drawn by superposition regular vapor-liquid envelop and WCT curve thereby explained that the departure and quick raising of the curve in the low temperature zone is caused by the appearance of paraffin in solid phase.5. Estimation is made to determine the depth of paraffin deposition in the well.
通过系统的研究和实验模拟,本文取得了以下研究成果:(1)在充分调研油气烃类体系的化学组成及其物理化学特征的基础上,详细研究了石蜡沉降的机理,认为石蜡沉积是一个复杂的物理化学过程,是多种机理共同作用的结果;(2)深入调研并综合阐述了影响石蜡固相沉积的各种主要因素,对目前国内外常用的有机固相沉积实验研究方法和现场清防蜡措施也做出详尽的描述,并加以对比评价;(3)改进了油气藏开发重点实验室自行研制组装的高温高压下测定固相沉积的激光装置和测试方法,并用该套设备测定出柯深101井的井口脱气油样和凝析气平衡油样不同压力下的析蜡点,实验结果表明,脱气油和平衡油析蜡规律相反;(4)将常规气-液两相相图和析蜡曲线叠加得到了气—液—固三相相图,从而解释了气-液两相等液量线在低温区域偏离正常并快速上翘是由于体系有石蜡固相出现;(5)利用实验测试的析蜡温度预测析蜡位置,表明只有在距井口465m油管以上会有蜡析出。
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Simulation results also show that saddle-shaped distributed AMF can more effectively inhibit constriction of vacuum arc.
对于小电流扩散态真空电弧,重点仿真分析不同电弧电流与不同纵向磁场对其关键特性的影响,部分仿真结果进行了实验验证;对离子处于超音速流动的收缩态真空电弧的仿真表明,真空电弧的磁收缩主要是由于霍尔效应引起的,离子温度和电子温度沿轴向先增大后减小,马鞍形分布的纵向磁场能够更有效地抑制真空电弧的收缩,而且阴极斑点分布对真空电弧特性也有着显著的影响;对离子处于亚音速流动状态的大电流真空电弧的仿真表明,部分等离子体不能到达阳极而损失,马鞍形分布的纵向磁场能够更有效地抑制电弧等离子体的损失,同时能使阳极电流密度和能流密度的分布更加均匀。
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The surface activity of Hibiscus syriacus has been studied and shows thatHibiscus syriacus has good surface activity.The influence of temperature,saltness,water hardness and pH on the surface activity of its aqueous solutionsis also studied and shows little influnce.Also the mixture systems of Hibiscussyriacus with some anioic surfactants have been studied and the results show thatthe mixture systems can produce remarkable synergism.
天然表面活性植物木槿叶的应用研究本课题对天然植物原料木槿叶提取物中的表面活性物的性质(临界胶束浓度、表面张力和起泡性能)及其影响因素(温度、pH、水硬度和盐度等)进行了系统的研究,结果表明木槿叶表面活性物具有较好的表面活性,且它的cmc和〓在一定范围内受一些因素的影响也不大,是一种理想的香波原料;同时也研究了木槿叶活性物与其它温和型的阴离子表面活性剂的复配体系,表明具有明显的协同增效效果。
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The results show that the major contribution to DOS of Mg and Pb are the 2p orbit of Mg and the 5d orbit of Pb, followed by the 3s orbit of Mg and the 6p orbit of Pb, the 6s orbit of Pb is the smallest one. There are a large number of charges around Mg, it has the characteristics of typical metal bond. Mg and Pb share some charges to form covalent bond, but the distortion of the charge at the junction is little; the proportion of covalent bond is less than the metal bond, Mg2Pb is semimetal. The elastic modulus and shear modulus of Mg2Pb are 68.6 and 27.9 GPa, respectively. Based on Pugh empirical criterions and Poisson's ratio, Mg2Pb is brittle in nature.
结果表明:Mg和Pb对态密度的贡献主要是Mg的2p轨道和Pb的5d轨道,其次为Mg的3s轨道和Pb的6p轨道,Pb的6s轨道贡献最小;在Mg原子周围有大量的电荷存在,呈典型的金属键特征,Mg、Pb之间存在共用的电荷,有较强的离域性,以共价键形式存在,但交界电荷的畸变不大,故共价键所占比例较少,金属键所占比例较大,Mg2Pb化合物呈半金属性;Mg2Pb的弹性模量和切变模量分别为68.6和27.9 GPa,Pugh经验判据和泊松比均表明Mg2Pb具有脆性。
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The results show that a MgSnO3·H2O conversion film is formed by treatment in the stannate solution at 90℃, and the immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization show that the corrosion resistance of the AZ91D alloy is improved to some extent.
结果表明:锡酸盐转化处理后合金表面形成了以MgSnO3·H2O为主要成分的转化膜,可对合金起到一定的防护作用;转化膜由细小的球形颗粒密积而成,颗粒之间存在间隙,它可以为化学镀镍的前处理过程提供良好的吸附条件;转化膜上的化学镀镍层组织致密、无缺陷, MgSnO3·H2O转化膜在镀镍层与基体之间起到过渡作用,镀层的磷含量达到9%,与基体结合良好;在3.5% NaCl (pH=7)溶液中的动电位极化测试表明,镀镍以后的合金在阳极极化过程中发生了明显的钝化,耐腐蚀性能进一步提高,对基体起到了较好的防护作用。
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The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.
综合以上的研究结果表明:(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种,且花型与花色较为丰富;(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护;(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的,少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布,概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准;(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的,可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的;(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定,对品种分类影响较大,其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性,可以作为品种分类的合理补充,而叶部性状稳定性较差,在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据;(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近,畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱,长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型,而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远;(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明:大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高,平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。
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Analysis results on townships and villages general statuses showed township health center and village clinic are the major health care facilities in rural poor areas. The number of staff in 36 THCs and 104 VCs were a little lower than the national average. In township health centers, 59. 9% staff are with primary or without any professional titles and 35. 9% of the total staff have no professional degrees. The average gross value of fixed assets per THC is 186000 yuan, among which special equipment values 41000 yuan. Among professional buildings 43. 3% of total area were dangerous. Only one THC can provide emergent service. 47. 2% THCs be able to diagnose and deal with common emergent stomachache. The provision of health services was lower than average level of national rural areas. Frontier Model analysis showed regression coefficients of total outpatient emergency service, total inpatients, average personnel income, number of total staff, number of doctors and technical index were all larger and positive. It meant that these variables would contribute more to the cost-frontier, and their increase would cause the total health cost rising. So increasing health service provision, improving service quality and functions of health facilities may be the best ways to increase efficiency of these facilities. Also the model showed THC inefficiency eu was 1. 68, which means 40% of the cost wasted. Apart from internal and external factors, residents'health care utilization deficiency and inequity is one of major factors causing inefficiency eu.
乡、村基本情况结果表明,农村贫困地区乡卫生院和村卫生室是农民就近就医的主要场所;36所乡卫生院以及104所村卫生室的人员数量,略低于全国同期农村平均水平;在乡卫生院中,初级职称和无职称者的比例占59.9%,无专业学历者占35.9%;平均每院固定资产总值18.6万元,其中专用设备4.1万元,业务用房中危房面积占43.3%;36所卫生院中,具备急救条件的只有1所,能诊断和处理常见急腹症的占47.2%;卫生服务提供量均低于全国农村平均水平;Frontier模型方法显示,总门诊人次、总出院人次、平均人员工资、人员总数、医生数和技术指数等指标的回归系数较大,且均为正数,即这些变量对"前沿"成本的贡献较大,其正向变化均会带来卫生服务总成本的增加,表明增加卫生服务提供量,提高质量以及完善机构服务功能,是提高乡卫生机构效率的有效途径;同时Frontier模型结果显示,卫生院的低效率〓为1.68,经换算即40%的成本处于浪费状态;影响乡卫生院低效率〓的因素有外部和内部的,而需方卫生服务不公平及利用不足是其主要因素之一。
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The calculated results show: the ground state structures of PtNi5, Pt2Ni4 and Pt3Ni3 clusters are quadrangular bi-pyramid, and Pt4Ni2 and Pt5Ni clusters are triangular bi-pyramid with hat and triangular pyramid with quadrilateral, respectively. From the point of view of thermodynamics, PtnNim clusters are stable because of the negative enthalpy of formation; the positive NICS of PtNi5 clusters show anti-aromaticity, The negative NICS of Pt2Ni4 and Pt5Ni clusters show aromaticity. The number of the IR absorption peak of Pt3Ni3 is the most. The IR and raman absorption peak of PtNi5 , IR of Pt2Ni4, Raman of Pt3Ni3 and Pt4Ni2 have only one. The absorption peak of Pt5Ni appears in the bigger frequencies only, and is zero almost in the small frequencies.
研究结果表明:PtNi5、、Pt2Ni4、Pt3Ni3团簇的基态结构都为四角双锥结构,Pt4Ni2 和Pt5Ni团簇的基态结构分别是戴帽三角双锥和三角锥戴四边形结构;PtnNim团簇的生成焓都为负值,表明团簇在热力学上是稳定的;由NICS值可得,PtNi5团簇具有反芳香性,Pt2Ni4和Pt5Ni团簇具有芳香性;从光谱分析来看,Pt3Ni3团簇的IR较强吸收峰的个数最多,PtNi5团簇的IR和Raman、Pt2Ni4团簇的IR、Pt3Ni3和Pt4Ni2团簇的Raman只有一个强吸收峰值,Pt5Ni团簇的峰值只出现在频率较大的位置,频率小的位置几乎为零。
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There are three copies of R fragment in the S mt-genome, and each copy contains two closely adjacent open reading frames: orf355 and orf77. Among these three copies two BamHI fragments were cloned, and the sequence analysis showed that cox1 and cox2 gene lies upstream of the R region in each fragment, respectively. However, they locate in different strands and head to head with R. In this study, we found that:(1) The expression of cox1 and cox2 is not affected by the transcription of R region;(2) The two copies of R region transcribe in large amount in the microspores, and produce transcripts of 1.6kb and 2.8kb, respectively, in the sterile microspores; However, the abundance of these two transcripts is reduced in the fertility restored microspores, realized through the mRNA decay, and this reduction occurs at the uninucleate microspore stage;(3) In the sterile microspores, the 5 terminus of the 1.6kb transcript contains a palindrome region that can fold into a stem-loop.
本研究发现:(1) cox1和cox2的转录没有受到R区转录的影响;(2)两个拷贝的R区在在不育花粉中高丰度表达,其转录本大小分别为1.6kb和2.8kb;而在育性恢复的花粉中,这两个转录本的丰度被大大降低,进一步分析表明这一结果是通过mRNA分子的降解途径来实现的,此降解过程发生在单核花粉期;(3)在不育花粉中,1.6kb转录本的5′末端具有一段可形成茎环结构的迴文对称序列,而在可育花粉中,其5′末端短缺了9个碱基;(4)在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中,R区转录本的加尾位点都集中位于一个3′茎环结构之后;(5)不管是在不育花粉还是育性恢复的花粉中,orf77区域内均在第52位和100位核苷酸处发生了不同频率的C向U的编辑,从而形成UGA终止密码;(6)不管是orf55-orf77的成熟转录本还是转录前体分子,都已被加上了Poly尾巴,表明已进入降解途径;在以上实验结果的基础上,本研究对S型CMS花粉育性的恢复机理进行了如下推测:在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中,orf77区域内均发生了终止编辑,即由RNA编辑产生了提前终止密码子。
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The same result can also be achieved when optimizing F8 function (Rastrigin's function). Comparing to EGA, KEGA is easy to realize and the increase of computation load can be neglected, but the performance of KEGA can be improved greatly. 2. To enhance the speed of AIA, two new methods of computing the concentration of antibody were developed. Simulation results for F8 and F15 (needle in haystack: type I) functions show that the two methods can improve the running speed of AIA more than 8. 5 times. 3. As to the drawback in defining antibody concentration, a new definition based on Euclidean distance between two antibodies and fitness is proposed. On this basis, a new AIA was constructed. The convergence performance are more better than that of AIA. 4. Combining king crossover with AAIA and DBAIA, two new AIAs, KAAIA and DKBAIA, were proposed.
仿真实验结果表明KEGA实现简单,与EGA相比,其增加的计算开销可以忽略,但性能改善十分明显; 2、针对基于信息熵的免疫算法运行速度慢的缺点,提出了二种能够加快AIA运行速度的新的抗体浓度计算方法,得到两种新的免疫算法,即加速的人工免疫算法(Accelerated Artificial Immune Algorithm,AAIA)和加速的人工免疫算法-2(Accelerated Artificial Immune Algorithm-2,AAIA-2),对测试函数F15(needle in haystack:type I)、F8函数的仿真研究表明,这两种算法的运行速度都是AIA的8.5倍以上; 3、针对AIA的浓度定义存在的缺陷,提出了一种新的基于抗体间欧氏距离和适应度的新的抗体浓度定义,并依据该定义构造了一种基于欧氏距离的人工免疫算法(Euclidean Distance-based Artificial Immune Algorithm,DBAIA)。
- 推荐网络例句
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With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.
随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务,乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。
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But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.
不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐,因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。
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Closes the eye, the deep breathing, all no longer are the dreams as if......
关闭眼睛,深呼吸,一切不再是梦想,犹如。。。。。。