表明的

Finally, based on the theory of Timoshenko beam, a beam model of this crankshaft is built, which is compared with solid model. The results indicate that this beam model can meet the needs of calculation precision and calculation efficiency. With this beam model, the condition in which real loads are put on the crankshaft is simulated. The displacement curves、velocity curves、acceleration curves of the main journals and the pulley of this crankshaft and torsion vibration curve of the pulley are then gained. With these curves, the dynamic characteristic of the crankshaft is analyzed. The conclusion indicates that this crankshaft has good dynamic characteristic.

最后利用Timoshenko梁理论建立了曲轴的梁单元模型，将此梁单元模型与体单元模型进行了比较，结果表明梁单元模型能够满足精确度和计算效率的要求；利用该梁单元模型，模拟了实际条件下的载荷作用时曲轴的响应，得到了曲轴各主轴颈和皮带轮端的位移、速度、加速度曲线以及皮带轮端的扭转振动曲线，分析了曲轴的动态特性，结论表明该型曲轴具有良好的动态特性。

In-situ monitoring gave the following results: 1 a tension stress zone occurred at the bottom of reinforced rock mass which indicated that the role of rock bolting was remarkable; 2 stress concentration at surrounding rock of main shaft was gradually transferred from shaft wall to complete rock mass far from shaft center; 3 vertical displacement was gradually smaller from up to bottom and from center to outside of the reinforced loose rock mass.

首先，建立了主溜井三维有限元计算模型，模拟了主溜井围岩的塌落破坏过程和加固后的加固体的稳定性及变形特性；同时，还采用多点位移计等对加固体的稳定性进行了实地监测。计算结果表明：网棚锚注加固体的纵剖面上的压力和位移规律是①加固体下部局部出现拉应力区，表明锚杆的使用是合理的；②加固体内的应力由塌落中心向周围围岩过渡，应力越来越大，最终将荷载传至围岩中；③从下到上下沉逐渐减小；④从加固体中心到周围下沉位移逐渐减小，且近似一条抛物线。

The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

NEW YORK When it comes to losing weight, what you drink may be more important than what you eat, according to new research; it shows that cutting back on sugar-laden drinks is associated with weight loss and seems to have a bigger impact on weight than cutting back on solid foods.

纽约-据一个新的研究表明，当需要减肥的时候，你喝的是什么东西可能比你吃的是什么东西更为关键。它表明了减少饮用含糖多的饮料和减肥之间的联系，而且对体重的影响似乎比减少固体食物中的糖含量更大。

The torque me asurement experiment in hand tappin g shows that suitable tapping motion w ith high frequency can remarkably re duce tapping torque,and the dominating parameters in hand tapping are cutti ng angle and separating angle,which laid a foundation for the study on vib ration tapping and its popularization and a pplication.

对手动攻丝这种极限振动攻丝过程的扭矩测试结果表明，丝锥对工件的低频、低速往复切削作用也可以使攻丝扭矩显著下降。这表明影响手动攻丝扭矩的主要因素不是振动频率或冲击的大小，而是切削角和分离角的大小，这为进一步究明振动攻丝的机理及促进振动攻丝技术的推广应用奠定了基础。

According to the datas from field investigation, lab experiment and slope run-off plot observation, the hydrologic functions of forest canopy, lower shrub, litters and soil layers have been studied. The canopy precipitation interception characteristic of different vegetation types have been analized. The results indicate that the broad-leaf forests and coniferous and broad-leaf mixed forests are better than phyllostachys pubescens forests and shrubs in canopy rainfall interception. And the litters water-holding ability of broad-leaf forests and mixed forests are higher than others. And the soil water-holding and infiltrating ablility of broad-leaf is good.

根据野外调查、试验及坡面径流小区的观测数据，研究了库区主要类型植被林冠层、灌草层、枯落物层和土壤层的水文功能，分析了不同降雨条件下不同类型植被的林冠截留特征，指出在林冠截留方面阔叶林、针阔混交林比楠竹林、灌丛的截留能力强；分析了库区主要类型林地枯落物层的水文功能，研究结果表明：阔叶林林地枯落物的持水能力普遍高于针叶林，而混交林枯落物的持水能力要比纯林大；林地土壤层的水文功能剖析表明：阔叶林林地土壤的持水性能较强，其林地土壤的入渗性能较好。

The results indicate that the cell only doped with Al2O3 (Cell 1) is of the worst output performance at 850 ℃, the output power density being 0. 083 W/cm^2, and that the cell doped with Al2O3 and coated with buffer layer (Cell 2) is of the best output performance at the same temperature, the output power density being 0.120W/cm^2. AC impedance spectroscopy analyses indicate that the interface resistance and Ohmic resistance of Cell 2 are obviously less than those of Cell 1, meaning that insulative nickel aluminum spine1 is generated by the reaction of Al2O3 and NiO during the sintering at a high temperature.

结果表明：850℃时，含Al2O3的电池输出性能最差，输出功率约为0.083 W/平方公分；含Al2O3并具有过渡层的电池输出性能最好，输出功率约为0.120 W/平方公分；交流阻抗谱分析表明，含Al2O3并具有过渡层的电池的欧姆电阻与界面电阻均比不含过渡层的明显减小，说明YSZ中添加的Al2O3在高温烧结过程中，与阳极材料NiO发生反应生成不导电的镍铝尖晶石。

Now,the Cleaner Production Audition is a kind of test system ,made some Enterprises in order to pass the test,do some apparent work,result in the Cleaner Production Audition,s is not good.this article present the method of Cleaner Production Audition basing on the The waste Minimisation Club,the core of which is through an organization attain to the share of measure,approach, information and experience,in comparison with the traditional Cleaner Production Audition,this kind of method check by itself, indicate that the Enterprises really understand which Cleaner Production is the need of persistence,applying to the rizhao eco-industry park,the result show that receive the better economical and environmental benefit.

现状清洁生产审核基于一种考核制度，致使有些企业&为通过审核而审核&，扭曲了清洁生产的意义和真正目的，导致清洁生产审核实施效果不佳。本文提出废物最小化俱乐部模式下的清洁生产审核方法，核心是通过废物最小化俱乐部达到行业清洁生产手段，方法，途径的共享，与传统清洁生产审核的区别是企业自发的，自身进行内部清洁生产审核，表明企业真正理解了开展清洁生产是企业自身存在和发展的需要，将该方法应用于日照生态工业园区实践，结果表明，经过清洁生产审核后的企业收到了明显的经济和环境效益。

Firstly, we investigate the influence of the hole injection layer on the performance of the OLED. Evidence shows that m-MTDATA exhibits a dense film structure and fine surface morphology, leading to easy hole migration. Furthermore, a low-voltage driving of OLEDs has been achieved by doping 4F-TCNQ into m-MTDATA layer. Secondly, we obtain a highly efficient OLED by using a new oxidiazoles, an efficient electron-transporting molecular materials. Finally, we have realized the efficient electron injection and transport in organic light-emitting diodes using an electron-transport layer composed of BPhen with Liq co-deposited layer. With this cohost strategy, we improve the power efficiency by～21 % while reduce the driving voltage by～13%.

首先研究了不同空穴传输层对有机电致发光器件的影响，结果表明，由于m-MTDATA具有良好的成膜性，以及空穴注入能力，可以改善空穴向发光层的注入，提高了器件的效率，进一步在m-MTDATA中掺入4F-TCNQ可以显著降低器件的驱动电压；其次，利用一种新型含氟噁二唑类衍生物做电子注入层获得了高效有机薄膜电致发光器件；最后，研究了Bphen：Liq混合层的电子传输特性，表明混合层的电子传输能力显著提高，基于共基质电子传输层的器件的电压比传统器件降低了13％而效率却提高了21％。

The structures were studied by IR and NMR. The absorption frequencies of the carbonyl group markedly depended on the coordination no. of the tin atom. The chem. shifts of 119Sn and 13C and the 1J(119Sn-13Sn) coupling constants of the compounds were determine Small structural changes around the tin atom were reflected in the 119Sn chem. shifts. For tributyltin arylcarboxylates, a relationship between 119Sn chem. shifts and Hammett constants of the para-substituents was found. The biol. activities of same compounds have been studied. They may be used as fungicides for fruit.

通过对它们的红外光谱、核磁共振谱(^1^3C， ^1^1^9Sn)的研究，表明羰基红外吸收频率与锡原子的配位数有密切关系，同样分子上的微小变化明显地表现在δ119Sn上，对位取代基苯甲酸酯的δ119Sn与苯环上取代基的Hammett常数之间存在良好的线性关系：δ119Sn=19.11σ+110.612 n=7，γ=0.9955着重研究了部分化合物在经济作物上的抗病原菌能力，结果表明，这是一类具有广谱性的有机锡化合物，抗菌活性优于对比药剂朴海因，接近或相当于多菌灵，它们同时具有较强的除草活性。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐