表明的

Pole-placement and Inner model tuning methods are discussed finally;(2) For the linear derivative action, several different tracker-differentiators are presented to improve the quality of the derivative signals;(3) A neural network tuning method is given for the nonlinear PID controller which includes the above tracker-differentiator;(4) For the linear integral action, a nonlinear pre-phase integrator is studied in order to decrease the phase delay problem; Simulation results show that the nonlinear PID controller including the pre-phase integrator posseses better performance in both fast and stable property, and strong ability of anti-disturbance;(5) A simple optimal criteria is introduced to optimize the parameters of the nonlinear PID controller based on the pre-phase integrator.

仿真研究表明，由此形成的非线性复合积分PID控制系统，具有快速而平稳的过渡过程和超强的干扰抑制能力；(5)采用物理意义简单明确的目标函数的优化设计方法，对上述非线性PID控制器进行参数整定，达到了满意控制典型工业过程的目的。通过对直线电机伺服系统的仿真研究，表明该种非线性控制器具有同时跟踪多个目标的优越性能。

X-ray diffraction is one of the most common and efficient ways to measure a superlattice structure. This dissertation displays the detail results for characterization of Ge〓Si〓/Si superlattices by x-ray diffraction (including x-ray small angle diffraction and double crystal diffraction). It was found, when the growth temperature is lower, the intensities of xray small angle diffraction peaks are modulated by a periodical function, which indicates that both sets of interfaces of the superlattice is highly flat; when the growth temperature is higher, the diffraction peak intensities are simply decay with the increase of diffraction vector, which indicates that one set of interfaces is highly flat but another is not; when the growth temperature is very high, the diffraction peaks are reduced more rapidly, which indicates that both sets of interfaces are not ideal.

本文详细介绍了用X-射线衍射（包括X-射线小角衍射和双晶衍射）方法对Ge〓Si〓/Si超晶格结构特性测试的结果，尤其是发现，当Ge〓Si〓/Si超晶格的生长温度较低时，X-射线小角衍射谱峰的强度随着衍射波矢的增加而周期性调制，表明超晶格的两套界面都十分平整；当生长温度较高时，Ge〓Si〓Si超晶格的X-射线小角衍射谱峰的强度随着衍射波矢呈简单的衰减变化，对应于超晶格内有一套界面不平整的情况；当生长温度进一步提高时，X-射线小角衍射峰明显减少，表明超晶格内两套界面都不理想。

In this paper, the dynamic compressing experiments for the matrix material of the tungsten alloys which have been three different deforming(0%、 32.6%、 44.6%) processed have been performed by the experimental technology of separated Hopkinson pressure bar and many accurate datum have been obtained. Also the three materials have been compared with each other and analyzed. The results show that the optimized values are in a certain range to optimize the materials by changing their deforming technology. The parameters of constitutive model of Johnson-Cook have been fitted based on the datum. Then proceed to the next step, adiabatic shear band of these three matrix materials has been analyzed with finite element method. The result shows that the relations between stress and strain are different because of the differences of technical process of the three materials, but they are in great commonness in the material experiment and in great coherence in the distribution of time and space, which can been seen from the space distributing figures of plastic strain.

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆实验技术对三种不同变形量(0%、32.6%、44.6%)钨合金基体材料进行动态压缩实验，取得大量精确的数据，对比分析三种材料，结果表明通过改变变形量对材料进行优化，其变形量的优化值是有一定范围的；本论文拟合、确定了钨合金基体材料Johnson-Cook本构模型参数并对三种基体材料绝热剪切带进行有限元分析，结果表明三种材料由于工艺流程的不同，应力应变关系也不尽相同，但从塑性应变的空间分布图上体现了材料很大的共性和时间以及空间分布的一致性。

PmMYB is a typical R2, R3-MYB transcription factor with its 2 typical DNA-binding domains (amino acid sites of 13-63 and 66-114).The multiple alignment of R2, R3 amino acid repeat regions of MYB genes among broomcorn millet, rice, corn, loblolly pine, Arabidopsis, capsicum, upland cotton, barley and aubergine indicates that R2, R3 repeat regions are very conserved. The phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequence shows that MYB genes are highly divergent with similarity ranging from 32% to 84%.

对其与水稻、玉米、火炬松、拟南芥、辣椒、陆地棉、大麦及茄子等9种植物的 MYB 基因的R2、R3重复区的氨基酸序列多重比较，表明R2R3重复序列在植物中具有较高的保守性；基于氨基酸序列的编码区系统进化树分析表明，不同植物的MYB基因遗传分化很大，序列相似性为32%~84%，其中糜子 MYB 基因与水稻的 MYB18相似程度最高(84%)，与大麦和玉米的相似性分别为46%和41%。

Also the normal form and thediagram of the Hopf bifurcation are deduced with the normal form direct method.Secondly, the influences of the physical and aerodynamic parameter on the type of theHopf bifurcation are analyzed. Study shows that the "hard" structural non-linearitiesand the longer distance of the suspension point and the center of mass render theairfoil safer, whereas the "soft" ones render the airfoil more unsafe.

同样应用规范型直接法，研究得出系统颤振的Hopf分岔解的规范型以及分岔图；其次，研究了系统结构和气动参数对Hopf分岔类型的影响，结果表明，表明具有&硬&弹簧性质的结构及增大悬挂点与质心的距离都有助于提高安全性，而应该避免应用&软&弹簧性质的结构。

Trough the analysis of stabilization safety on Tengzigou arch dam, some conclusions are obtained in the following:(1) Tengzigou arch dam is safe under normal poll level ;(2) stabilization safety factor of Tengzigou arch dam is about 4-5;(3) It is proved that combinatorial reinforcement measures are effective and feasible.

对藤子沟拱坝的数值计算和模型试验分析表明：(1)藤子沟水电站在正常蓄水位作用下，坝体和两岸坝肩是稳定的；(2)藤子沟拱坝的整体安全度大概为4～5左右；(3)东北院提出的对左岸泥岩层挖除处理并用混凝土置换的加固除险措施经研究表明该加固措施是有效、可行的。

By using gene-family-specific primers, we found MADS-box, Ser/Thr protein kinase showed significantly differential expression patterns between reciprocal cross-fertilized kernels and their parents, indicating that MADS-box and ser/thr protein kinase may also play important roles in wheat heterosis.

利用家族特异性引物的展示结果表明，MADS-box家族基因在小麦杂交当代种子与亲本之间存在明显的基因表达差异，且强优势的杂交组合与弱优势组合之间表现差异的cDNA比例差异显著；Ser/Thr蛋白激酶的差异相对较小，表明MADS-box和Ser/Thr蛋白激酶与小麦杂种优势形成有重要关系。

For ozonolysis, the SOA yield has not been changed by inorganic seed aerosol, because the products are mainly carboxylic acids, which has much lower saturation vapor pressure and thus easily undergo homogeneous nucleation or gas-particle partitioning to be in the aerosol phase.

而对于α-蒎烯臭氧氧化的过程，实验结果表明，干态硫酸铵颗粒物种子的存在对SOA产率无影响，对臭氧氧化生成的SOA分子鉴别的结果表明，可鉴别组分中有很高比例的有机羧酸类物质，这一比例远高于光氧化产物，这些有机酸具有较低的挥发性而极易形成颗粒相，并且不参与异相酸催化反应。

SF and collagen films were treated by negative corona discharge, homothermal surface potential decay was tested to detect the charge stability. Result showed circums- tance humidity influenced severely the surface charge stability. There were polar groups on the surface after corona discharge, and hydrogen bonds existed between these groups. On the other hand, ATR-FTIR analysis indicated the conformation transition of SF was induced by strong electric field and a part of random coil conformation was converted into β-sheet structure.

采用自制的负电晕极化装置对丝素、胶原膜进行了表面处理，等温表面电位衰减法测试材料在不同环境中表面电位的变化，发现环境湿度对材料表面电荷稳定性的影响较大；XPS光谱分析表明材料表面有极性基团产生，这些基团之间有可能会形成氢键，同时ATR-FTIR分析表明丝素的构象在强电场的作用下发生了变化，由无规线团转变为β折叠结构。

The effect of the flight on the activities of energy metabolism related enzymes in the flight muscles of the Oriental armyworm moth, Mythimna separata females was studied. These enzymes measured were glyceraldehydes-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. In the first 5 min of the tethered-flight of 3 day-old moth, activities of all the enzymes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabulistu increased rapidly, enzymes related to lipid metabolism were completely activated, and the activities of HOAD were significantly strengthened. But in flight duration from 5th to 60th min, the activities of all energy metabolism related enzymes decreased, suggesting that the flight was going to be stabilized.

对3日龄粘虫雌蛾吊飞过程中4种相关酶3-羟酰辅酶A脱氢酶、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶、3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶和乳酸脱氢酶的研究结果表明，在室内条件下，粘虫在吊飞过程中其能量代谢有以下特点：在吊飞的初始5min，所有与糖代谢和脂肪代谢相关的酶活性都快速升高，这段时期脂肪代谢的酶活性也完全被活化，HOAD活性明显增强；但在随后的5~60min持续吊飞期间与能量代谢有关的酶活性都有所下降，表明此时飞行活性趋于平稳。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。