表层物

Planktonic foraminifera assemblages of 79 core top samples from the western and southern areas of the Indonesian Archipelago were grouped using cluster analysis. The results indicate that foraminifer assemblages make it possible to sub-divide the studied area in five provinces. The modern ocean characters and the surface sediment features from the five provinces are studied in the project.

本项目依据印度尼西亚多岛海及邻区七十九个海底表层样品的浮游有孔虫组合聚类分析结果，将该区划分为五个洋流活动区，对各区现代海洋学性质与海底表层沉积物特点进行对比研究。

Biogenic silica content was very low in continental shelf shallows and could not reflect the productivity of siliceous micropaleontology in surface waters , which may be affected by sedimentary types and terrigenous matter dilution .

陆架浅水区表层沉积物中生物硅含量非常低，不能反映表层水体中硅质生物生产力情况，这可能与沉积类型和陆源物质输入影响有关。

Based on a quantitative analysis of radiolarian in 80 surface-sediment samples from the northern area of Okinawa Trough, this paper reported the species composition and faunal assemblages characteristic of radiolarian, expounded the distribution pattern of radiolarian abundance and diversity in surface sediments from this area. In this paper, a preliminary study on the relation of the distribution and abundance of radiolarian to environmental factors, such as chemical and physical properties of the overlying masses (sea-surface temperature, salinity, nutrients and primary productivity) and the type and composition of sea-bed sediments was made. The radiolarian data was evaluated using a Q-mode factor analysis to identify different faunal assemblages and their geographic distributions, then the relationship between radiolarian assemblages and distribution of water masses, hydrographic boundaries such as frontal systems was analyzed. A new radiolarian-based transfer function to estimate mean-annual sea surface temperature and seasonal range were examined to test its success in the study area.

本文对冲绳海槽北部80个表层沉积样品中的放射虫进行了系统鉴定和定量统计，研究了放射虫的种类组成与类群特征以及其丰度和分异度的分布；分析了海水温度、盐度、营养盐以及沉积物类型、成分等环境因素对放射虫分布的影响；采用Q-型因子分析，求得放射虫的属种和组合分布特征，探讨了放射虫组合与不同水团、海洋水文结构之间的关系；并对Pisias（1997）建立的估计表层海水年平均温度和其变化范围的放射虫转换函数在研究区的适用性做了检验。

The results are as following: The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, As and Hg were 0.57 7.37 l.89 0.18 36.99 l.57 0.018μgL^(-1) in the seawater, respectively. They are 30.11、30.62、32.61、0.106、68.56、2.48、0.027×10^(-6) in the sediment, respectively. Except Zn, other heavy metals are determined in the organisms. The concentrations of heavy metals are more in razor clam than in the mullet.

结果表明，表层海水中重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、AS和Hg的平均浓度分别为0.57、7.37、1.89、0.18、36.99、1.57、0.018μgL^(-1)；表层沉积物中重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、A，和Hg的浓度分别为30.11、30.62、32.61、0.106、68.56、2.45、0.027×10^(-6)气生物体内除了鲻鱼中未检出Zn外，七种重金属在缢蛏、鲻鱼体内均有检出，且缢蛏中重金属含量明显高于鲻鱼体内重金属的含量。

The achievement of this project can be briefly summed up as following:(1)the carbon contributing to karst processes mainly comes from ecological system itself under the condition of existence of vegetation and soil covers;(2)results indicates that the depositing processes of rainfall to CO2 is an important "sink" to global carbon cycle;(3)owing to the differences of vegetation and surface covering, the adjusting effect of ecosystem to environmental humidity, temperature and CO2 concentration near surface air which indicates different benefit of preventing water and soil from lose is marked;(4)the preponderant species of vegetation in the karst ecosystems which have different kinds of carbonate rocks are obviously variant, and this situation results to the clearly differences of the micro － habitat , structure of surface cover and water holding capacity;(5) the relevant study showed that the carpophagous animals and birds make a important role in the spreading of vegetation seeds. The designed experience for the study of seed reservoir was not able to obtain a satisfactory result.

主要研究成果包括：通过对表层系统碳库的研究，认为在有土壤和植被覆盖时，岩溶作用过程中的碳主要来自生态系统本身而不是母岩；降雨对大气碳具有重要&沉淀&作用，是碳的一个重要汇；不同植被类型表层岩溶系统对系统水份、空气湿度、气温、土温和近地表 CO2浓度等具有明显调节作用，具有不同的水土保持效益；不同母岩的岩溶生态系统的植被优势种、属差异明显，由此形成的小生境、地被物及其持水性差异巨大；对典型岩溶表层系统种子库的试验研究没有取得满意结果，但食果动物、鸟类对种子传播起到一定作用。

Under scanning electron microscope,barite in these samples occurs as euhedral crystal,co-existing with authigenic quartz and albite with the same idiomorph.Considering the geological setting and c rystal form,it is believed that barite occurred in the study area is compara ble with that found in the Guaymas Basin,Gulf of California,i.e.,with hydrothermal origin.

通过对东太平洋多金属结核中国开辟区表层沉积物和短柱状沉积物的系统观察和分析，首次根据矿物学和地球化学两方面的证据，发现中国开辟区沉积物中热水活动及其产物的存在。X射线衍射分析表明，沉积物样品中普遍含有重晶石，部分样品中含量高达10%以上。

Based on the high-resolution analysis of planktonic foraminiferal isotope and organic carbon of 91 sediment samples from two box cores located respectively in the southern and northern slopes of the South China Sea, the changes of sea surface temperature and paleoproductiviy of the past 2400 years were reconstructed. The sea surface temperature and the depth of thermocline varied in different stages during the late Holocene, with some short-term climate events such as the Little Ice Age.

对南海南、北陆坡两个箱式柱状样中91个沉积物样品进行了高分辨率的稳定同位素和有机碳分析，获得最近2400年以来上部海水温度和表层古生产力的记录，发现晚全新世南海的表层海水温度和温跃层呈现阶段性变化，且有小冰期等短期气候事件。

The environmental transport of POPs in Dagu Drainage River selected as a typical example is reasonedly investigated in this article. Characteristics of sediment from DDR in Tianjin are analyzed. The mean value of TOC in sediments is as high as 8%, which is in favor of sorption POPs. The particle sizes of both suspended sediment and bottom sediment are mensurated by Malven Mastersizer. Silt accounts for about 60% in mass, while clay is about 10%. Particles of sediments belong to fine granule. Suspended sediment and bottom sediment mensurated by XRD mainly consist of quartz and illite, both account for 75.5% and 62.2%, respectively. The conformation of suspended sediment is very similar to bottom sediment from SEM photo.

采集自天津大沽排污河的底泥样品进行了特征分析：全河段底泥TOC含量较高，平均值约为8%，利于吸附POPs；Malven Mastersizer激光粒度仪测定了大沽排污河悬浮物和沉积物的粒径分布，结果表明主要以粉砂为主，占60%左右，其次为黏土，占30%左右，大沽排污河底泥颗粒属于细颗粒；悬浮物样品和表层沉积物样品经X射线衍射分析表明，石英和伊利石是大沽排污河底泥悬浮物及沉积物矿物的主要成分，两者之和分别占75.5%和62.2%；环境扫描电子显微镜结果表明，河流底泥悬浮物和沉积物的形态没有本质差别。

The results showed that pH of the irradiated sediment core is higher than the unsterilized one,and microorganisms could have an effect on the pH of sediments.All the four sediments are in the strong reductive environment at the depth of 7～30 cm,and the values of Eh are quite closer,the main factor that affect the redox environment may be the compaction of the sediment.All the sediments had a cumulation of phosphorus at the surface layer,and the total phosphorus of the sediments at the depth of 4～10 cm are lower than the average.It is indicated that phosphorus had been redistributed at the suface layer.

本研究采集太湖梅梁湾沉积物，通过印Co.y射线辐照、添加可溶性淀粉等处理研究微生物活性对太湖沉积物pH，Eh及总磷分布影响，以揭示微生物在湖泊沉积物中的沉积后作用，为探索富营养化湖泊表层沉积物磷的归趋提供理论基础。1 材料与方法1.1 样品采集和处理2005年1 1月，采用自制的柱状采泥器采集太湖梅梁湾沉积物，采样位点为31.30.306 N.120.13.370 E，采集后立即带回实验室，其理化性质见表1。

The adsorption of an endocrine disrupting compound on surface sediments and natural surface coating samples collected in the Songhua River were investigated based on the estabilishment of a rapid detection method of BPA through highperformance liquid chromatography.

以松花江表层沉积物和生物膜为例，建立液相色谱法快速检测水中双酚A（BPA，并研究了BPA在表层沉积物和生物膜上的吸附规律。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。