衍生物

The achievements of this paper are as follows:(1) A series of cantharidin derivatives, saccharide-cantharidin derivatives compounds, saccharide-5-fluorouracil derivatives compounds and 5-fluorouracil derivatives organotin complexes have been firstly synthesized.

本论文的创新点在于：首次合成了一系列斑蝥素衍生物，斑蝥素衍生物-糖化合物，5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物-糖化合物和5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物-有机锡配合物。

The results showed that the maximum UV absorption wavelengths of those 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives in dichloromethane were in the range of 268~327 nm, and their maximum photoluminescent wavelengths in dichloromethane and solid film were located at 332~390 nm and 359~439 nm, respectively. The 1,3,4-oxadiao1e derivatives exhibit a first endothermal peak at 120~328℃ in the DSC heating process, and the symmetrical 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives display a higher melting temperature. The CV curves of those 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives indicate that the reductive potentials of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives are located at -1.03~0.98 V, and their LUMO(the lowest unoccoupied molecual orbit) energy levels are -3.71~-3.76eV.

结果表明，该类衍生物在二氯甲烷溶液中的最大紫外吸收波长在268~327nm范围，在二氯甲烷溶液和固体膜中的最大荧光发射波长分别在332~390nm和359~439nm范围；DSC分析结果表明，5个噁二唑衍生物的起始吸热峰位于120~328℃之间，其中对称结构的噁二唑衍生物显示了较高的熔融温度；由循环伏安图和相关计算结果表明，5个噁二唑衍生物的还原电位位于-1.03~-0.98V，其相应的最低非占有分子轨道能级在-3.71~-3.76 eV之间。

They were both easily to be dissolved in dilute alkali. When the pH gradually increases, the ring-opening speed of the derivative is higher than that of GB. The derivative was obviously affected by solvent and higher temperatures. When GB was dissolved in PEG, the peak of the derivative disappeared at 50 ℃ for 15 h or at 120 ℃ for 4 h. Besides the main peak of GB, there appeared a small peak with a retention time of 1.2-3.0 min after heating 4 h at 120 ℃. The result showed that the derivative was in a high energy state, and GB had a better stabilization.

溶剂和温度的综合作用对衍生物的稳定性影响更加显著，GB在聚乙二醇溶液中分别于50 ℃下保存15 h和120 ℃下保存4 h后其中的衍生物峰全部消失；将该溶液于120 ℃下保存4 h后分析，除有主峰GB外，在保留时间为1.2～3.0 min范围还伴随有小峰出现，这说明衍生物处于高能态，GB相对较为稳定，两者共存，且相互转化；在特定条件下衍生物能全部转化为GB。

The Diels-Alder cycloadditions of [60] fullerene for preparation of optical limitingmaterials are discussed in chapter 3 and 6. Soluble cycloaddition derivatives of 〓aresynthesized by the reaction of 〓 with indene,1,1'-biindene andcyclopentadiene derivatives.〓Particular, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 〓 with1,1'-biindene under controlled conditions affords the stable monoadduct 〓〓of novel structure, which was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, FD-MS,〓NMR,〓 NMR, HMQC and HMBC spectra, Its two bridgehead cage carbons resonate at70.91ppm, The 〓 NMR spectra showed 38 lines consistent with the 〓 symmetryassociated with [6,6] addition. The 〓 shows similar optical limitingproperties to that of 〓 in toluene for 8ns laser at wave length 532nm. Moreover, thehigh solubility of this adduct in polar solvents such as THF, acetone enables itsincorporation into sol-gel glass matrix. The thin films prepared via the sol-gel methodshow improved OL behaviour compared to those of 〓. The langmuir-Blodgett filmformation and uv-visible absorption of 〓 are also investigated. LBmonolayer of this compound is prepared on the air-water interface at 〓 mol/l. In chapter 4, three water-soluble derivatives of [60] fullerene: fullerol(1), theaddition product (2)of fullerol (1)with polyvinylpyrrolidone and fumaric acidderivative of 〓(3) are synthesized and characterized.

通过Diels-Alder环加成反应，用茚〓和1，1'-联茚〓及取代茂合成了一系列可溶性的〓环加成衍生物，发现可控制反应条件，使1，1'-联茚与〓反应，并高产率地得到具有新颖结构的单加成物，用HPLC、FTIR、FD-MS 及〓、HMQC、HMBC等多种波谱技术对其结构进行表征，测得它的两个〓杂化的桥头碳的化学位移为〓ppm，证明生成的衍生物为6∶6闭式环加成，〓NMR谱中共给出38个信号，表明〓联茚衍生物分子具有〓对称性；在波长532nm，脉冲宽度8ns的激光下，〓联茚衍生物的甲苯溶液的光限幅性能与〓的甲苯溶液相近，由于〓联茚单加成衍生物熱稳定性好，在四氢呋喃，丙酮等极性溶剂中溶解性好，能分别均匀地掺入溶胶-凝胶中，已发现它的溶胶(so1)光限幅性能优于纯〓的光限幅性能；使用Langmuir-Blodgett技术将〓联茚衍生物在空气和水的界面进行了LB单层膜和多层膜实验以及UV-Vis吸收谱研究，通过等温压缩曲线测试，证明浓度为〓〓时，〓联茚衍生物能够形成单层膜。

Isinglass and other animal gelatin and its ramification.

硅、砷、二氧化硅、氯化物、溴化物及碘化物、稀土金属、钇、钪及其混合物、其他氯化稀土、碳酸稀土；柠檬酸、氨基酸酯及盐、氨基酸、有机硫化合物、双巯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸、仅含有氧杂原子的杂环化合物，抗菌素，青霉素和有其结构的青霉素衍生物，链霉素及其衍生物以及它们的盐，四环素衍生物及其盐；鞋靴、家俱等的光洁剂、擦洗膏、明胶及其衍生物；鱼胶；其他动物明胶及其衍生物。

It isconfirmed by ~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis that complexes 60-63are monopyridine complexes and show distorted square pyramid geometries; complexes 64and 65 are bispyridine complexes and show pseudo-octahedral geometries, where twopyridine ligands are in cis arrangement and trans to the NHC and the benzylidene ligandrespectively, the bond length between ruthenium and pyridine ligand trans to the benzylideneligand is 16 pm longer than the bond length between ruthenium and pyridine ligand trans tothe NHC ligand.

1H NMR、~(13)C NMR及X射线单晶衍射分析证明，配合物60-63是单吡啶衍生物配位的钌卡宾配合物，具有变形的四方锥构型；配合物64、65为双吡啶衍生物配位的钌卡宾配合物，具有变形的八面体构型，其中两个顺式配位的吡啶衍生物分别处于氮杂环卡宾和苯亚甲基的反位，处于苯亚甲基反位的吡啶衍生物对应的钌-氮键长要比处于氮杂环卡宾反位的长出16 pm。

The active compound Celangulin-V, which is the main active compound against insect pest from Celastrus angulatus Max, was modified at its 6-OH and the core structure β-dihydroagarofuran polyol of Celangulins from the basic hydrolysis of the extract of the root bark of Celastrus angulatus Max was modified by combinatorial chemical method.

主要结果如下： 1、合成了苦皮藤素V6-乙酯、6-烯丙基醚和6-酮等衍生物，通过NMR方法鉴定了化合物的结构，经文献检索均为新化合物，生测结果表明酮衍生物丧失了杀虫活性，乙酯衍生物与苦皮藤素V活性相当，醚衍生物较苦皮藤素V活性提高11倍。

The main compositions of LP are shorter chain carboxylic acid and their ethyl esters, furan derivatives, cyclopentanone, phenol derivatives, benzene derivatives, aromatic ketone, aromatic acid derivatives, longer chain carboxylic ethyl esters and sterides. After upgrading, the main indexes reach the standard of fuel oil.

结果表明，LP的主要成分包括短链或环状脂肪酸及其酯、呋喃衍生物、环戊烯衍生物、苯酚衍生物、苯衍生物、芳酮、芳酸及其乙酯、长链脂肪酸乙酯和甾族化合物，经提质其主要指标达到了燃料油的标准。

The main compositions of LPs include shorter chain carboxylic acid derivatives, furan derivatives, cyclopentanone, phenol derivatives, benzene derivatives, cinnamic acid derivatives, longer chain carboxylic esters and sterides.

秸秆在亚/超临界醇中液化产生的LPs的主要组成成分包括短链脂肪酸衍生物、呋喃衍生物、环戊酮衍生物、含有取代基的肉桂酸衍生物、芳醛或酮衍生物、苯酚衍生物、苯衍生物，长链脂肪酸衍生物和甾族化合物。

Our results indicated that (1)SO_2 derivatives could dose-dependently relax the isolated aorta rings with or without endothelium precontracted by NE, no difference was found for the rings with and without endothelium;(2)Levels of cAMP and 6-Keto(PGI_2) in isolated aortic rings were increased by SO_2 derivatives in a dose-dependent way, which were independent of endothelium;(3)SO_2 derivatives decreased cGMP levels in the rings, but not significantly; The decrease of cGMP levels was also independent of endothelium;(4)No changes of TXB_2 in rings with or without endothelium were observed;(5)Whether presence or absence of endothelium, cAMP/cGMP and 6-Keto/TXB_2 ratios were increased significantly.

结果：①SO_2衍生物对去甲肾上腺素预收缩的内皮完整和去除内皮的大鼠胸主动脉血管环均呈浓度依赖性舒张作用，且其张力变化在内皮完整与去内皮的血管环之间无显著性差异；②SO_2衍生物可引起血管组织中cAMP、6-Keto(即PGI_2)含量剂量依赖性增加，其增加程度与内皮无关；③SO_2衍生物对血管环cGMP含量呈降低趋势但在统计学上无显著意义，且对去除内皮血管无显著影响；④SO_2衍生物对去内皮或内皮完整血管环的TXB_2含量均无明显影响；⑤无论是否去除内皮，SO_2衍生物均可引起cAMP／cGMP和6-Keto／TXB_2比值显著升高。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。