衍射仪

Scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,circular dichroism and small-angle X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the aggregation mode of CSG in the organogel phase.A hierarchical self-assembly model was proposed to explain the transition from molecular to primary and secondary structure.It is shown from our results that CSG can aggregate into a micellar fibril nanostructure with high length-to-width ratio which is bundled and entangled to form a three-dimensional(3D) network that immobilize the fluid component probably by surface tension.Moreover,sol-gel polymerization of tetraethoxysilane was carried out using CSG in the gel phase.

通过扫描电镜(ScanningElectron Microscopy，SEM)、透射电镜(Transmission Electron Microscopy，TEM)、圆二色谱(Circular Dichroism，CD)和小角X—射线衍射仪(Small-angle X-rayDiffraction，SAXRD)考察CSG分子自组装行为结果表明，CSG形成的聚集体具有多级结构：首先CSG通过手性堆叠自组装形成直径在9—10nm的细纳米纤维，这些细的纳米纤维再以不规则的六方堆积的方式进行排列，构成直径在40—100nm的粗纳米纤维(即细纳米纤维的&捆束&)，最后粗纳米纤维互相粘连形成三维网络状结构，使有机溶剂&固定&，从而形成凝胶；以CSG有机凝胶为模板，四乙氧基硅烷为前体，通过溶胶—凝胶聚合的方法制备了直径大约为100nm的二氧化硅纳米管。3。

Single-crystalline cerium orthovanadate (CeVO4) nanorods are synthesized successfully by Na2EDTA-assisted hydrothermal method. The products are characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device.

以Na2EDTA为模板导向剂，利用水热法成功合成了单晶CeVO4纳米棒，使用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜和超导量子磁强计等对产物的结构和磁学性能进行了表征。

The structure was investigated by XRD and TEM, combining with the calculated metastable phase diagram. The results show that it is possible to obtain coupled structure in Zn-2%Cu peritectic alloy by rapidly unidirectional solidification method.

利用X射线衍射仪及透射电镜对层片状组织进行了相组成的分析，并结合计算亚稳相图对该组织的相及组织形成规律进行了分析，结果表明在快速凝固条件下Zn-2%Cu包晶合金中实现共生生长是可能的。

The photoluminescent properties and structure of the samples were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively.

用X射线衍射仪和荧光光谱仪对其结构和光致发光性能进行了测试分析。

The psammoma body mineralization in meningioma is a common type of mineralizationThe analysis of the mineral composition may provide some support information in finding the reason of happening and developing of the diseaseThis paper focuses on the concentric layered structure mineralization in meningiomas, using mineralogical methods, such as HRSEM, ESEM, EDAX, EPMA, HRTEM, XRD and FTIR to systematically investigate the mineral composition, structure and shape of the minerals in psammoma bodies in meningiomasWe have devised a method for preparing the silicon wafer sheet which was used for the ESEM insitu observations and analysisIn this study, we first got the ESEM and HRTEM images of the initial mineralization phase of meningiomasThese images showed that in the early stage of psammoma body mineralization in meningiomas, many mineralized balls composed of octocaphosphate were precipitated on the collagen fibersThese balls continued to grow and aggregate, and were gradually hydrolyzed to become the dahlliteThe continued development of mineralization resulted in the mineralized collagen fibersThe study revealed that the concentric layered structure of the psammoma bodies in meningiomas is formed by the spiral arrangement of the mineralized collagen fibers on which the mineralized grains precipitated.

砂粒体矿化是脑膜瘤中常见的矿化类型，对其形成机理和矿物成分的分析可能会对肿瘤发生、发展的研究提供辅助信息。该研究选取人脑膜瘤中的砂粒体矿化作为研究对象，采用偏光显微镜、环境扫描电镜及能谱、X射线衍射仪、高分辨透射电镜和电子探针对样品的形貌、结构和成分进行测试分析，并以此为依据探讨脑膜瘤中砂粒体的形成机理。研究结果表明矿化的初期为沉淀在胶原纤维上的矿化小球，成分为磷酸八钙；矿化小球不断生长聚集，并逐步水解为碳羟磷灰石晶体，矿化的不断发展致使胶原纤维也发生矿化。砂粒体的同心层状构造是由螺旋状排列的矿化胶原纤维及沉淀在其上的矿化颗粒组成的集合体，而不是多数研究中所述：砂粒体是以坏死细胞残骸为中心由内至外的同心层沉淀。

Compared with non-nanopolyaniline synthesized by conventional emulsion polymerization, nanopolyaniline has the narrow and uniform distribution of particle dimension and the diameter of particle is about 4-5nm,and the conductivity reaches 3.2S·cm-1, which is more than 100 times higher than that of nanopolyaniline;Moreover, it has higher solubility in conventional solvent and the solubility reaches 95% in N-methyl pyrrolidone;what's more ,it has higher crystallinity and more uniform crystal proved by XRD, apparent blue shift indicated by UV, which makes it possible to prepare transparent conductive composite films.

结果表明，微乳液法合成的纳米聚苯胺与常规乳液法合成的非纳米聚苯胺相比，具有明显的优越性：粒径分布窄，95%的在10nm 以下，最大的不超过30nm；电导率较高，达到了3.2S/cm，提高了2 个数量级以上；在有机溶剂中的溶解度较高，其中在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的溶解率达到了95%；X 射线衍射仪分析表明，纳米聚苯胺结晶度高，晶型更为规整；紫外可见光谱研究发现，纳米聚苯胺在可见光区有明显的蓝移，为制备透明的导电复合膜提供了可能。

Sulfide layer was made on the surface of high speed steel (W6Mo5Cr4V2) by means of low temperature ion sulfurization. The tribological properties of the sulfide layer under dry sliding were investigated on an MM 200 friction and wear test rig. An atomic force microscope and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer attachment were adopted to analyze the morphologies and compositions of the original and worn surfaces of the sulfide layer. The phase structure of the sulfide layer was determined by X ray diffraction.

采用低温离子渗硫工艺在 W6 Mo5 Cr4 V2高速钢表面制备了硫化物固体润滑层，在 MM- 2 0 0型摩擦磨损试验机上对渗硫层的摩擦学性能进行了干摩擦试验研究，用原子力显微镜及扫描电子显微镜和 X射线光电子能谱分析渗层表面、截面、磨面的形貌及成分，用 X射线衍射仪分析了渗硫层相结构。

Two new complexes, [Mn22(H2bta)2(H2O)]n (1) and [Cu2(H2bta)0.5(H2O)]n (2)(H4bta＝1,2,4,5-benzene- tetracarboxylic acid, L＝imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenathroline) were prepared under hydrothermal conditions and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffration.

在水热条件下合成了两个新的配合物，[Mn22(H2bta)2(H2O)]n和[Cu2(H2bta)0.5(H2O)]n，其中(H4bta=1，2，4，5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid， L= imidazo[4，5-f][1，10]phenathroline )，通过单晶X射线衍射仪对其结构进行了测定。

There are about 1% of undecomposed As〓 molecules in GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low temperatures.

利用X射线双晶衍射仪实现了非破坏性定量测量半绝缘GaAs单晶的化学配比。

The microstructure, phases composition and microhardness of the coating were analyzed and measured by SEM, XRD and microhardness testers respectively, and the friction and wear properties of the specimens sliding against Al2O3 ceramic in a ball-on-discmode and under unlubricated condition were investigated.

中文摘要：采用粉末包埋法在P110钢表面制备渗铬层；借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计，对渗铬层的显微组织、相组成和显微硬度进行了分析和表征，并通过无润滑条件下的球－盘式摩擦磨损试验研究了渗铬处理对其摩擦磨损性能的影响。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。