行驶

Studied every acoustic and vibration characteristics of vehicle system making use of the SEA car model that had been established. Utilizing the specialty of SEA, contrasted the acoustic contributing of panel in every frequency bands by comparing the radiant energy into cab directly with creativity. Compared the effects of every type of factors on the interior acoustic environment of car.

七、利用建立的统计能量分析模型进行车辆系统各个声振特性的分析，研究车辆行驶速度和行驶路面的等级等因素对车内声学环境的影响；利用统计能量分析方法的特点，创造性地通过直接计算仿真实际工况下各个部件对车内辐射能量的对比进行板件各频带声学贡献的分析。

With the development of vehicle technique and highway, and the increasing of vehicle velocity, the aerodynamic force become more and more notable, and the requirement of control stability security and inhabited comfort are higher than before.

随着汽车技术和高等级公路的发展，汽车行驶速度日益提高，汽车在行驶时与空气相互作用的气动阻力也越来越显著，它在很大程度上影响着汽车的经济性、动力性和稳定性。

Realize the driving control of the half-tracked air-cushion vehicle, make sure that not only the vehicle can drive normally, but also the total power consumption is minimum in different soil conditions.

实现气垫车的行驶控制，满足在不同土壤条件下，既保证车辆的正常行驶，又使总功率消耗最小的要求。

In order to prove the reliability, test studies have been primarily carried out in the indoor soil bin. The data of the vehicle driving state parameters under the same or different terrain are analyzed. The process curves are compared by different control schemes. The theoretical model of the optimum driving state is reliable and fuzzy control scheme is feasible. The disturbances and unknown factors of control system are analyzed. Test results prove that the half-tracked air-cushion vehicle can drive steadily under control of the computer. At the same time the sensors used to measure soil mechanics characteristics on line need to be developed. And it is the important problem to be solved in the future study. The necessary regulation and correction are put up. So the studies in this paper provide some instruction for the further research work.

为了验证本文提出的最佳工作状态及最佳垫压理论，并分析控制系统的可靠性和稳定性，本文在半履带式气垫车的模型车上，在室内土槽中进行了初步的实车性能和理论验证试验，考察了在同种和不同土壤条件下气垫车的行驶状态参数的测量数据，比较了采用不同控制方法下的过程曲线，验证了最佳工作状态的理论模型和模糊控制系统方案的可行性与可靠性，从而保证了采用自整定模糊PID控制器能够使半履带式气垫车在稳定行驶最佳工作状态下；同时通过试验研究，分析了系统中各干扰与未知因素，对控制方案进行了相应的调整和修正，为今后进一步的研究工作提供了一定的指导。

The infrared remote controller is a cheap, small, simple, reliable and effective product. It can effectively resist electromagnetic interference and ensure safe operation of the system. Using remote technology can reduce manipulative difficulty during soil bin testing and realize single operation of the whole system. Practical application many times demonstrated that the infrared remote controller can work reliably and improve work efficiency considerably.Besides control the movement of tester, the soil bin tester driving control system can adjust the tester speed by rule and line, which was impossible to former test equipments. The range can be adjusted from -1.45m/s to 1.45m/s, the positive and minus sign denotes the direction of tester running.

土槽台车动力控制系统的控制参数均通过人机交互界面输入；系统能够实现对台车行驶速度、位移和时间的实时采集、显示和存储功能，并设有对数据库的操作功能，方便试验人员对数据的查询、修改、删除和保存；试验过程中系统为试验人员提供了台车速度曲线，并能实时动态显示，用来监测台车的运行状况；为了确保试验过程中试验设备和人员的安全，系统增加了控制台车行驶位移和时间的功能；系统使用的防脉冲干扰平均值法处理采集的数据，剔除奇异项，减少了干扰在有用信号中的比重，并能直接显示出所采集数据的均值和方差，节省了处理数据所需的大量时间，提高了工作效率。

Given the fact that the Agricultural Tires are required to run at a mediocre speed, but in a hostile performance environment where there exist ill-conditioned field paths, stubble fields, carpolite roads, or even roads without surfaces, they are susceptible to scratches and cuts.

轮胎的特点是行驶速度要求不高，但其使用条件苛刻，经常行驶于状况不良的田间小路和坚硬的留茬地或石子山路，甚至是无路面的道路，轮胎易被划伤或割破。

10As a railroad or an automobile passes around a curve some agency must supply a force directed toward the center of curvature in order that the moving body shall remain on the track or road .

当有轨电车或汽车沿弯道行驶时，必然有某种作用提供一个指向弯道中心的力，以便运动的有轨电车或汽车能继续保持在轨道或公路上行驶。

Finally it analyzes the feasibility that using hydromechanics to analyze traffic flow by contrasting various characters between traffic flow and fluid flow. It analyzes influence of road alignment to basic expressway segment capacity by hydromechanics, and obtains viscous resistance and viscous movement differential equation when the vehicle drives on circular curve segment of expressway. And it infers that viscous resistance is correlated with sideway force coefficient, slope of crown and radius of circular curve. Radius of circular curve, sideway force coefficient and slope of crown are bigger, viscous resistance is smaller, the influence to capacity is smaller when the vehicle is running on nearside lane of circular curve; but radius of circular curve and sideway force coefficient are bigger, slope of crown is smaller, viscous resistance is smaller, the influence to capacity is smaller when the vehicle is running on fast lane of circular curve.

最后通过对比交通流与流体流的相似性，运用流体力学分析了道路线形对快速路基本路段通行能力的影响，求出了车辆在曲线路段的粘性阻力，建立了车辆在曲线路段的粘性运动微分方程，并由此推知，粘性阻力与横向力系数、路拱横坡度和圆曲线半径都有关系，当车辆在圆曲线外侧车道上行驶时，圆曲线半径、横向力系数和路拱横坡度越大，粘性阻力就越小，对道路的通行能力影响就越小；而当车辆在圆曲线内侧车道上行驶时，圆曲线半径和横向力系数越大，路拱横坡度越小，粘性阻力就越小，对道路的通行能力影响就越小。

Researches show that the drive force characteristics of the electric tractor drive system based on series DC motor is close the ideal characteristics, the curves are concave, low speed with constant power, and high speed with constant torque; the electric tractor has large working speed under different shifts, but the extensive coincidence speed shows that the variable ratio of the gear is unreasonable; the maximum climbable gradient of this electric tractor is more than 30%, and does not need frequent shift when working for its extensive climbable gradient; there are many influence factors of continuous working time, which the more obvious factors are working speed and working load, the working time increases with the increase of the working speed and working load.2. Simulation researches on the drive characteristic of the electric tractor.

研究结果表明：基于串励直流电动机(来源：ABC21论文网www.abclunwen.com)的电动拖拉机电驱动系统的驱动力特性场接近理想驱动力特性场，其各挡下的驱动力特性是一组下凹的曲线，低速恒转矩，高速恒功率；同一行驶速度下所对应高挡驱动力大于低挡驱动力，这是由电机的调速特性决定的；电动拖拉机各个挡位下具有较广的稳定作业速度范围，但是各个挡位之间速度重合的范围较多，说明所用变速箱变速比与电动机匹配不合理；电动拖拉机最大爬坡度达到30%以上，并且各挡爬坡度变化范围较广，作业过程中不需要频繁换挡；影响电动拖拉机连续作业时间的因素较多，其中作业行驶速度和作业负荷影响最为明显，作业负荷越大，连续作业时间就越短，作业速度越快，连续作业时间就越短。2、电动拖拉机驱动特性仿真研究。

To travel at a constant speed, or at a speed providing maximum operating efficiency for a sustained period.

以经济速度行驶以稳定的速度行进，或在一段时间内以发动机效率最高的速度行驶

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。