行间隔

Material and Methods:From March,2008 to January,2009,250 patients(146 Males and 104 Females,ranged from 18 to 82 years old,mean age was 48 years old) enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College were performed dual energy scan(Group A,200 patients) and Neuro-DSA scan(Group B,50 patients) using DSCT.The patients were randomly divided into Group A and Group B.Regarding to the justification of scan protocol,100 patients in Group A were selected as sub-group to explore the scan protocol.The image quality Was analyzed both in four categories(4.0/60、4.5/60、4.0/70、4.5/70) of flow rate and total amount of contrast-enhanced material and in three categories(100—150HU、150—200HU、200-250HU) of CT value of left common carotid artery.The comparison of two scan approach was based on image quality,radiation does, postprocessing methods,time of scanning and subtraction and data storage amount.To validate the diagnostic capability of DE-CTA virtual unenhanced images,100 patients in Group A were undergoing head scan both in routine non-contrast program and DE-CTA virtual unenhanced program.Mean CT values,signal-to-noise ratio,image quality,sensitivity of lesion identification,and radiation does were applied to comparison.According to diagnostic results of dual energy of cerebral arterial angiography,62 patients out of 200 patients in Group A were confirmed with cerebral vessel lesions,the results were complied with DSA findings(the time between the two methods were within 1 week).

材料与方法收集2008年3月到2009年1月间在昆明医学院第一附属医院行DSCT CTA检查者250例(男性146例，女性104例，年龄范围18-82岁，平均48岁)，随机分为A、B两组，A组200例行双能量头颅CTA扫描；B组50例行Neuro-DSA扫描。A组前100例按对比剂不同流率和总量分为4组(4.0/60、4.5/60、4.0/70、4.5/70)对图像质量比较；按触发时左颈总动脉内平均CT位分3组(100—150HU、150—200HU、200-250HU)，比较图像质量的差异；对A、B两组血管图像质量、辐射剂量、后处理的方法、扫描和后处理时间及数据的容量进行比较分析；A组中前100例行常规与DE-CTA虚拟平扫的平均CT值、信号噪声比、图像质量、病灶显示情况、辐射剂量的比较分析；A组中行DSA检查62例(两种方法间隔时间均1周内)，比较两种检查方法诊断结果是否符合，并对其中24例动脉瘤行动脉瘤部位、数目、形态、瘤颈显示程度、瘤颈大小及瘤体长径和短径的比较研究。

Results As the results, there was 6 patients with the ILVT cycle length of (286±38)ms. The indicaed site of EA by noncontact mapping was at the middle septum in 4 patients, and at the inferior septum in 2 patients. Mean time of EA was (48.6±32.8)ms before onset of the surface QRS. The length of conduction pathway was (2.6±0.9)cm. The ablation catheter mapping showed perfect match in at least 11 of 12 leads at the EX (≥11/12), but not at the EA (≤10/12) with pace mapping during sinus rhythm. Purkinje potentials were mapped at EA and CP in all cases, but only one case at EX, and diastolic potentials were mapped at EA in 2 cases during ILVT. All cases were successfully ablated by area ablation at EA or/and line ablation at CP during sinus rhythm. None suffered a recurrence during (12±6) months follow-up.

6例ILVT周长为(286±38)ms，非接触标测显示4例激动起源位于中间隔，2例位于下间隔，EA较体表QRS波提前约(48.6±32.8)ms，传导径路长约(2.6±0.9)ms.6例病人在窦性心律下消融导管起搏标测12导联QRS形态与ILVT相匹配(≥11/12)处位于EX，而非EA(≤10/12)见正文。6例病人在室性心动过速期间消融导管于EA和CP处标测到PP，2例于EA标测到DP，1例于EX标测到PP.6例病人在窦性心律下于ILVT起源部位行片状或／和传导径路作线性消融均获成功，随访(12±6)月，未见复发。

Mean time of EA was (48.6±32.8)ms before onset of the surface QRS. The length of conduction pathway was (2.6±0.9)cm. The ablation catheter mapping showed perfect match in at least 11 of 12 leads at the EX (≥11/12), but not at the EA (≤10/12) with pace mapping during sinus rhythm. Purkinje potentials were mapped at EA and CP in all cases, but only one case at EX, and diastolic potentials were mapped at EA in 2 cases during ILVT. All cases were successfully ablated by area ablation at EA or/and line ablation at CP during sinus rhythm. None suffered a recurrence during (12±6) months follow-up.

6例ILVT周长为（286±38）ms，非接触标测显示4例激动起源位于中间隔，2例位于下间隔，EA较体表QRS波提前约（48.6±32.8）ms，传导径路长约（2.6±0.9）ms.6例病人在窦性心律下消融导管起搏标测12导联QRS形态与ILVT相匹配（≥11/12）处位于EX，而非EA（≤10/12）见正文。6例病人在室性心动过速期间消融导管于EA和CP处标测到PP， 2例于EA标测到DP， 1例于EX标测到PP.6例病人在窦性心律下于ILVT起源部位行片状或/和传导径路作线性消融均获成功，随访（12±6）月，未见复发。

The superficial blood vessels could cross two or more pulmonary lobules, and the pleural superficial blood vessels and the interlobular blood vessels were mutual transitional. The outlines of lobules composed of vascular networks were various in size and form, and the lobular septa were also different in depth. The subpleural arterioles could be divided into arteriole, terminal arteriole, precapillary arteriole and capillary in turn according to the branching sequence of themselves. The plate-like, sieve-like and web-like vascular networks occurred in the subpleural microvascular networks.

胸膜面浅层的血管可以跨越两个或多个肺小叶表面，浅层的血管可与小叶间隔的微血管之间相互移行；由微血管网形成的肺小叶的轮廓大小不等、形态各异，小叶间隔的深度也有所不同；胸膜下微动脉可根据逐级分支的顺序将其分为微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动脉和毛细血管；胸膜下毛细血管网中可见板块状、筛网状和网络状血管网。

The vessels from the lung parenchyma branched into the pleural superficial vessels, the interlobular vessels and the subpleural microvessels. The subpleural arterioles also could be divided into arteriole, terminal arteriole, precapillary arteriole and capillary in turn. Most subpleural capillary meshes were web-like, and also the small holes and sieve-like meshes occurred in the subpleural microvascular networks. The interlobular blood vessels and the superficial blood vessels were mutual transitional.

从肺实质内穿出的微血管可发出分支至胸膜面浅层、小叶间隔和胸膜下微血管网中；胸膜下微动脉也可分为微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动脉和毛细血管四级；胸膜下毛细血管网多数呈网络状，也可见到呈"小孔状"的结构和筛网状的血管网；小叶间隔的微血管与胸膜面浅层的微血管之间可以相互移行。

Among them 5 right room getting idiopathic room speed 4 melt target ordered and lie to flow out an alternate department, one lie and flow out dish and dissociate the side; 7 left room getting idiopathic room speed 5 melt some target on left ventricle underpart of the interval, 1 left ventricle flow out dish, 1 nearly apex of the heart department fail to bring out the tachycardia steadily, can bring out behind the skill, but the room nature tachycardia of recidivation while following up a case by regular visits to February, do and melt to achieve success moreover.

其中5例右室特发性室速中4例消融靶点位于流出道间隔部，1例位于流出道游离侧；7例左室特发性室速中5例消融靶点于左心室间隔中下部，1例左心室流出道，1例近心尖部未能稳定诱发心动过速，术后不能诱发，但随访二月时再发室性心动过速，再次行消融取得成功。

Methods clinical data of 26 patients were retrospectively analyzed, including 15 with atrial septal defect, 10 with ventricular septal defect and one with mitral value replacement and the middle of the right lung resection. the intersection was at the right midaxillary line and the third rib as the upper margin of incision, and that of the midaxillary line and the sixth rib as the lower margin, going through the third or the fourth intercostal space.

回顾分析了26例经右腋下小切口行心内直视手术的临床资料，切口取右腋中线与第3肋的交点为上缘，腋中线与第6肋的交点为下缘，经第 4或第 3肋间入胸，其中房间隔缺损15例、室间隔缺损10例、二尖瓣置换+右肺中叶切除1例。

Thirty patients who had definite chronic lumboscaral compartment syndrome without other lumbal diseases were choosed respectively to test muscle force of lumbar and abdomen, intra-sacrospinal muscle pressure, blood routine, ESR, Ck, CK-MM LDH and LDHs. All patients received decompressive operation. Skeletal muscle specimens taken from sacrospinal muscle in each operation were possessed for bistological and ultrastrucluml observation. All of enzyme tests were normal.

方法］选取明确诊断为腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征且未合并其他腰部疾病的患者30例，分别行腰腹肌肌力测定，竖脊肌内压测定，血常规，血沉，肌酸激酶及同工酶，乳酸脱氢酶及同工酶(LDH5)测定，采用骨筋膜间隔切开减压手术治疗。

PARTICIPANTS: From August 2004 to May 2006, 226 patients with the pseudoaneurysm of perimembranous VSD, who underwent interventional therapy in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, were recruited in the study. According to the results of the left ventricular angiography, 36 patients of pseudoaneurysm of perimembranous VSD with large inlet and multiple outlets were closured with A4B2 occluder devices.

对象：2004-08/2006-05拟在河北医科大学第一医院行介入治疗的室间隔缺损伴膜部瘤形成226例患者中，对造影术显示膜部瘤为大入口多出口的36例患者应用A4B2封堵器封堵治疗。36例室间隔缺损伴膜部瘤形成患者，造影测量室缺左室面破口直径平均为（10.6±8.7）mm (8~21 mm)，右室面均有多个出口，最大右室面破口直径平均为（3.1±2.9）mm (2~8 mm)。

PARTICIPANTS: From August 2004 to May 2006, 226 patients with the pseudoaneurysm of petimembranous VSD, who underwent interventional therapy in the First Hospital of Hehei Medical University, were recruited in the study. According to the results of the left ventricular angiography, 36 patients of pseudoaneurysm of petimembranous VSD with large inlet and multiple outlets were closured with A4B2 occluder devices.

对象：2004-08/2006-05拟在河北医科大学第一医院行介入治疗的室间隔缺损伴膜部瘤形成226例患者中，对造影术显示膜部瘤为大入口多出口的36例患者应用A482封堵器封堵治疗。36例室间隔缺损伴膜部瘤形成患者，造影测量室缺左室面破口直径平均为(10.6±8.7)mm(8-21 mm)，右室面均有多个出口，最大右室面破口直径平均为(3.1±2.9)mm(2-8mm)。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。