行政的

The thesis will begin with the introduction of counterpart of English judicial review. According to the unscramble of counterpart prejudication in the history of Britain, I will abstract the logic category of "administrative discretion------the principle of reasonableness", and based on the logic category, I will point out that if want to justify the review of court on the administrative discretion such as "misuse of authority"and "apparently inequitable administrative punishment", we must induct the principle of reasonableness. And based on the material of concrete cases, I will analyze that there still are states of unreasonable execution of administrative discretion in the rest representations of unlawfulness in the 54th provision of our statute law of administrative litigation.

本文首先考察英国合理性审查原则的相关制度，通过解读英国历史上重要相关判例，提炼出"行政裁量权——合理性审查原则"这一逻辑规范范畴，并以此范畴为切入视角，指出，要在理论上正当化法院对"滥用职权"和"显失公正行政处罚"等行政裁量权的司法审查，必须引入合理性审查原则，并以具体案例为材料，通过分析得出，在《行政诉讼法》第54 条的其他违法表现形式中，都有行政裁量权不合理行使的情形存在，并指出，产生这种现象的原因是，《行政诉讼法》第54 条规定的七种违法表现形式采取的是不同的分类标准。

Chapter four:the system info of Japanese administrative process theory.With the comprehensive and dynamic review method for administrative process,this chapter analyses the system info of Japanese administrative process theory from 6 aspects,including division relativizing of public and private law,conversion of essential nomocracy ism,transform of administrative law methodology,reconstruction of administrative law system,evolution of administrative action theory, improving of station and function of administrative private party.

第四章"日本行政过程论的理论体系"，该部分以对行政过程的全面、动态考察方法为核心，从公私法区分的相对化、实质法治主义的转换、行政法学方法论的变革、行政法体系的重构、行政行为理论的发展、行政过程中相对人地位及作用的提高六个方面构建日本行政过程论的理论体系。

I."Brief Introduction of the administrative procedure". In this part, first of all, the current study situation regarding the administrative procedures in the domain of the Administrative Law is introduced, and achievements on the study of the administrative procedures in China and western countries briefed. Secondly, the leagal value of the system of administrative procedures is set forth from three points of view: the implications, value and functions of the Administrative Procedural System.

第一、"行政程序的概述"，这一部分中首先介绍了当前行政法领域关于行政程序的研究现状，并列举了西方国家关于行政程的研究成果和我国行政程序研究的成果；其次，从行政程序制度的含义、价值、功能的角度阐述行政程序的法律价值。

The main Chinese partner shall submit the documents as provided for in Article 12 to the administration for industry and commerce competent for reviewing and approving the registration of foreign-invested enterprises in the place where it is located, and the latter shall give an opinion on the preliminary review, and then submit the aforesaid documents to the administration for industry and commerce at provincial level authorized by the SAIC for approval, or to the SAIC for approval via the administration for industry and commerce of a province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government or separately planning city after its review.

第六条 设立中外合营广告企业，按下列程序办理：由中方主要合营者，向其所在地有外商投资企业核准登记权的工商行政管理局呈报第十二条规定的文件，由其提出初审意见，报国家工商行政管理总局授权的省级工商行政管理局审定，或经省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市工商行政管理局核转，报国家工商行政管理总局审定。

The main Chinese partner shall submit the documents as listed in Article 12 to the local administration for industry and commerce competent for examining and approving the registration of foreign-funded enterprises, who shall give an opinion on the preliminary examination, then submit the aforesaid documents to the administration for industry and commerce of the provincial level authorized by the SAIC for examination and approval, or submit them to the SAIC for examination and approval via the administration for industry and commerce of a province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government or city directly under State planning upon examination and approval.

一由中方主要合营者，向其所在地有外商投资企业核准登记权的工商行政管理局呈报第十二条规定的文件，由其提出初审意见，报国家工商行政管理总局授权的省级工商行政管理局审定，或经省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市工商行政管理局核转，报国家工商行政管理总局审定。

Administrative omission is one part of administrative act and administrative omission illegality is an important part of administrative illegality.

行政不作为是行政行为的一种，行政不作为违法是行政违法理论的重要组成部分，对行政不作为违法进行司法的最终救济，能够充分保护当事人的合法权益。

To discuss the content ,The administrative compulsory enforcement also have to category , the money payment obligation and the action obligation administrative compulsory enforcement. The two system have significance in the administrative experience. The compulsory in the administrative procedure is to find out the circs or to prevent, deter or control the misfeasor and the foe. It also may executed to protect and assistant the following material administrative behavior.

对于行政程序中的强制，有的是为了查明情况，有的是为了预防、制止或控制违法行为、危害状态，还有的是为了保障和辅助后续具体行政行为的作出，因目的不同，合理的各种行政程序中的强制应有着不同的形式和各自不同的程序要求，根据以上行政强制内容的特点，提出我国行政强制执行和行政程序中的强制的合理构建模式。

Consequently, we should erade the outmoded ideas completely, reform the administrative system in deep level, do the utmost to enhance the quality of administrative stuff, arrange the function of the basic government in a comprehensive way ,perfect the administrative monitor system actively, promote the construction of electron political affairs,and finally reach the goal of elevating the administrative efficiency of the basic government.

因此，我们应该彻底改变陈旧的行政观念，深入改革行政管理体制，努力提高行政人员素质，全面梳理基层政府的职能，积极完善行政监管体系，加快推进电子政务建设，有效提高基层政府的行政效率。

At present, because there is no unified legislation on administrative enforcement, administrative organs at all levels in our country basically carry out administrative enforcement on their own understanding in their practical administrative management, which tends to cause impropriate administrative enforcement implement, not only the interests of the citizen, legal representative or personal rights and financial rights of other organizations are infringed upon, but also the authority and image of the gove...

当前 ，由于我国没有行政强制的统一立法，国家各级行政机关在具体的行政管理实践中基本是依据自身的理解来行使行政强制措施，往往造成运用行政强制措施不当，既损害了公民、法人或其他组织的合法的人身权利和财产权利，又损害了政府的权威和形象，引发了许多行政诉讼案件。本文就行政强制的基本内涵及其实施条件、程序等问题进行初步探讨。

Today there is more academic research than practical analysis, and according to such current condition this dissertation investigates the Adm cost of the Industrial and Commercial Administrative Bureau System of HeilongJiang province, particularizes the actuality of Adm cost of this administrative department singly, discloses the prominent existing problems, analyzes the cause theoretically, and introduces the suggestions and solutions to solve the high administrative expenditure.

针对目前对政府行政成本理论探讨较多，而实际解析的较少的现状，本文通过对黑龙江省工商行政管理局系统行政成本的调查，逐一列示工商行政管理系统行政成本的现状，揭示突出存在的问题，进行理论分析，提出有效的解决行政成本居高不下的建议与措施。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。