行政的

To accept this point of view is to refuse bureaucratic concept of authority and appreciate administrator's reasonable obedience, to overcome utilitarian ignorance of administrator's"inner interests"with excellent"practice"and take care of administrator's inner sentiments, to abnegate obsession with"control"and prejudice of administrator's autonomy and have eyes on administrator's ethical responsibilities, professional ethics and its construction.

采用这种观念模式，将拒绝制度主义的行政伦理学的规则中心论，主张行政人的道德主体性；拒绝官僚制理论的权威主义观点，主张行政人对制度的合理服从；拒绝功利主义行政伦理学对行政"实践"内在利益的忽视，主张关注行政人的内在感受；拒绝"控权论"对行政专业自主性的敌视，主张研究行政人的伦理责任、职业伦理及其对行政人道德建设的意义。

The subject of the full text builds up and divides six major chapters together: Chapter 1 is the foreword, and has studied the current situation and refined and summarized to value and meaning of the selected title background of the thesis, selected title abroad synthetically; Chapter 2, have carried on science to define to the intension of responsibility and governments relevant concepts of responsibility, have explained that constructs the necessity of the responsibility government and realistic meaning; Chapter 3, ility the intension made of the responsibility has been carried on science solves and constructs, summarize the political function and basic principle of administration asking responsibility system, and the logic relation between administration asking and the responsibility government of the responsibility has been analysed scientifically; Chapter 4, has used the administrations of western countries for reference and administration asking responsibility system and high-ranking official asking system of Hong Kong area of our country and the successful experience, expect to the institutional improvement of the administration asking responsibility system of our country can be beneficial; The whole chapter 5, the current administration asking system of our country that has implemented the state and carried on objective analysis in responsibility system, have pointed out a series of questions and not complete places exposed in institutional improvement, and has carried on network analysis from two visual angles of the traditional political culture ecology and system factor aspect to the reason why the question emerges; Chapter 6, the responsibility system has carried on tentative countermeasure analysis and discussion in perfecting the administration of our country, separately from improving the environment of administration asking responsibility and reinventing the culture of administration asking responsibility, devoting more efforts to asking the responsibility in allosome, strengthen the related institutional improvement of administration asking responsibility system, etc.

全文主体架构共分6大章节：第1章为引言，对论文选题背景、选题价值与意义及国外内研究现状进行了综合提炼与概括；第2章，对责任和责任政府相关概念的内涵进行了科学界定，并阐述了构建责任政府的必要性和现实意义：第3章，对行政问责制的内涵进行了科学解构，概括了行政问责制的政治功能及其基本原则，并对行政问责制与建立责任政府的逻辑关系进行了科学分析；第4章，借鉴了西方国家行政问责制度及我国香港地区高官问责制的成功经验，以期对我国行政问责制度建设能有所裨益；第5章，对我国现行行政问责制度实施状况进行了客观分析，指出了在制度建设过程中暴露出来的一系列问题和不完善之处，并对产生这些问题的原因从传统政治文化生态及制度因素层面两个视角进行了系统分析；第6章，对健全和完善我国行政问责制度进行了尝试性的对策分析与探讨，分别从完善行政问责环境、重塑行政问责文化，加大异体问责的力度，加强行政问责制配套制度建设及行政问责制立法等角度提出了完善的措施和途径。

Therefore, during the process of constructing administrative culture in china,on the base of adding glory to the traditional administrative culture advantage, unprogressive administration notion should be abandoned, the scientific administration awareness and administration belief be cultured,the administrative culture should be institutionalized and conventionalize,and the administrative information be brought into the open.

我国建设行政文化，在发扬传统行政文化优势的基础上，应该清除落后的行政思想观念，培养科学的行政意识和行政信念，并且将行政文化制度化、习俗化，行政信息公开化。

Because the government and all of its departments and all the organizations with certain administrative power have the power to eliminate or limit the market rivalry to a certain extent ,they all can be the executant of administrative monopoly.

行政垄断行为并非行政主体某个明确的单个行政行为的指称，而是对行政主体各类排除或限制竞争的行政行为的一个概括，其更确切的表达应该是行政限制竞争行为，而与国家垄断有很大的区别。行政垄断行为是行政行为，并非市场主体的经济垄断，应与在行政垄断行为支持下形成的市场垄断严格区分开来。

The main executive body refers to the organization and individual who exert executory authority and own the general qualifications of enforcing authority according to the administrative law, not only includes the organization that the administrative organs and laws have impowered, hot also involves the organization that the administrative organs and the executive with political power have delegated.

本文在分析现行行政主体概念的缺陷的基础上，给行政主体下了一个新的定义：行政主体是指具有行使国家行政权力一般性资格、在具体的行政法律关系中行使行政职权的组织和个人，不仅包括行政机关和法律法规授权的组织，而且应该包括行政公务人员和行政机关委托的组织。

Therefore,in the premise of connection among thetheory,history and actuality,the thesis has put forward theconception of China administrative morality:directed byMarxism-Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought and Deng XiaopingTheory,use the scientific theory,proceed from the actualsituation and follow the principle of collectivism,serving,efficiency and impartiality;make sure the basic content of thecontemporary China administrative morality construction andpush the compulsory administrative morality and the idealadministrative morality;cultivate the autonomic consciousness ofadministrative morality main body through strengtheningadministrative morality education and administrative moralityculture;strengthen heteronomous system of administrativemorality with the system construction as the safeguard ofadministrative morality construction;emphasize constructingforcible wide administrative morality regulation system-theevaluation and supervision of administrative morality,uniteautonomic and heteronomous,and make the administrativebehavior carry out administrative morality obligation consciouslyin the end.

因此，在理论、历史和现状统一结合的前提下，提出我国行政道德建设的构想：以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论为指导，坚持运用科学的理论，从实际出发，重在建设，遵循集体主义、服务、效率、公正的原则；确定当代中国行政道德建设的基本内容，推行义务行政道德和理想行政道德；通过强化行政道德教育和行政道德修养，培养行政行为主体的自律意识；以制度建设作为行政道德建设的保障，旨在强化行政道德的他律机制；强调建设强有力的广泛的行政道德调控机制即行政道德评价和行政道德监督，把自律和他律结合起来，最终达到使行政行为主体真正从内心里自觉地履行行政道德义务。

The backwardness of government system in these areas results in fettering the economic development. Thus in the process of developing the west and all-round well-off society, we have to be guided by reformed concepts and break through by improve the government functions. One of crucial targets in present economic schedules of local governments is to improve the investment and management environment in order to build a favorable market system which also is an important task of political civilization construction. This target will be arrived at by quickening the transformation of governmental functions through innovative institutions and focusing on improving the local governmental abilities through enhancing the ability of legal governance.

西部民族地方政府体制落后是制约经济发展的关键，因此，我们在实施西部大开发战略，全面建设小康社会的进程中，必须以转变观念为先导，把转变政府职能作为突破口，通过制度创新加快西部地区政府职能的转化，提高西部地方政府依法行政的能力等方式来提升民族自治地方政府能力为重点，改善西部民族自治地方的投资环境和经营环境，营造一个良好的市场机制，是当前西部民族地区地方政府经济工作中的一项重要任务，也是西部民族地区政治文明建设的一项重要任务。

The mentality of managing the people and "special privilege" bring priority and selfish d transposes the relationships between administrative organs and society, makes the administrative regulations show the tendency to value the administrative power and despise the citizen''s rights protection, think highly of management and look down upon service and take substance seriously and underestimate programmer.

同时，行政管理体制和行政运行机制也影响行政规章的制定：权限不清导致制定行政规章难以服从客观性、科学性；权责不统一导致功利主义倾向；命令与服从式的运行机制影响行政规章的合法性与适度性；封闭式的行政运行机制使行政规章脱离实际；部门起草行政规章草案使行政规章框架服从于部门运行机制而丧失科学性；行政机关立法人员素质影响行政规章质量。

Using such key concepts as"aret〓","practice", and"practical reason", critically integrating related theories and thoughts from philosophy, ethics, sociology, psychology, pedagogics, politics, etc. this thesis systematically analyzed public administrator's discretion and professional autonomy, responsibilities, duties and professional virtues, and the theoretical basis and methodology for construction of public administrative ethics.

中文题名行政人的德性与实践副题名外文题名 Administrator's virtues and practice 论文作者李春成导师竺乾威曹沛霖浦兴祖教授学科专业行政管理学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位复旦大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数213页关键词伦理学行政伦理行政管理道德行政裁量权行政人馆藏号BSLW /2003 /B82 /10 本文借用亚里士多德的德性论传统的一些基本概念，包括&德性&、&实践&、&实践理性&，批判性地综合运用哲学、伦理学、行政学、政治学、社会学、心理学、教育学等多学科的相关研究成果，对行政人的裁量权与专业自主性、行政人的责任与义务、行政人应当具备的专业美德、行政伦理建设的依据与方法等基本问题，进行了系统的讨论。

Citées dans le Syllabus", Paris, 1865 and the encyclicals of Leo XIII of 20 January, 1888,"On Human Liberty"; of 21 April, 1878,"On the Evils of Modern Society"; of 28 December, 1878,"On the Sects of the Socialists, Communists, and Nihilists"; of 4 August, 1879,"On Christian Philosophy"; of 10 February, 1880,"On Matrimony"; of 29 July, 1881,"On the Origin of Civil Power"; of 20 April, 1884,"On Freemasonry"; of 1 November, 1885,"On the Christian State"; of 25 December, 1888,"On the Christian Life"; of 10 January, 1890,"On the Chief Duties of a Christian Citizen"; of 15 May, 1891,"On the Social Question"; of 20 January, 1894,"On the Importance of Unity in Faith and Union with the Church for the Preservation of the Moral Foundations of the State"; of 19 March, 1902,"On the Persecution of the Church all over the World.

citées dans乐提纲&，巴黎， 1865年）和通谕的利奥十三对1888年1月20日，&对人类自由&； 1878年4月21日，&对邪恶的现代社会&； 1878年12月28日，&关于教派的社会主义者，共产主义者，和nihilists &； 8月4日， 1879 ，&基督教哲学&； 1880年2月10日，&婚姻&； 1881年7月29日，&对原产地的民间力量&； 1884年4月20日，&对自由的&； 11月1日， 1885年，&基督教国家&； 1888年12月25日，&对基督徒的生活&； 1890年1月10日，&对行政的职责，一个基督徒公民&； 1891年5月15日，&关于社会问题&； 1894年1月20日，&团结的重要性，在信仰和联盟与教会为维护道德基础的国家&； 1902年3月19日，&关于迫害教会遍布世界各地。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。