行政制度

To accept this point of view is to refuse bureaucratic concept of authority and appreciate administrator's reasonable obedience, to overcome utilitarian ignorance of administrator's"inner interests"with excellent"practice"and take care of administrator's inner sentiments, to abnegate obsession with"control"and prejudice of administrator's autonomy and have eyes on administrator's ethical responsibilities, professional ethics and its construction.

采用这种观念模式，将拒绝制度主义的行政伦理学的规则中心论，主张行政人的道德主体性；拒绝官僚制理论的权威主义观点，主张行政人对制度的合理服从；拒绝功利主义行政伦理学对行政"实践"内在利益的忽视，主张关注行政人的内在感受；拒绝"控权论"对行政专业自主性的敌视，主张研究行政人的伦理责任、职业伦理及其对行政人道德建设的意义。

For example, compensation system as one of the straight almsgiving ways is researched not enough. Give

给予行政指导救济，特别是对侵犯相对人合法权益的行政指导行为进行赔偿是行政指导制度走向成熟的标志，可以说没有完善的行政指导赔偿制度，就不会有完善的行政指导救济制度，没有完善的行政指

In response to this issue, the author is start from the reality of the Chinese accountability system, analyzing its fundamental intendment and theoretical foundation; and then demonstrating the significance in the execution of administrative accountability in our nation; in addition dissertating the real whole state of accountability system nowadays and its imperfection in enactment.

针对这一问题，笔者从我国行政问责制度建设的现实出发，从行政问责制的基本概念入手，分析了行政问责制度相关概念，讨论了行政问责制度的理论基础，进而剖析我国行政问责制度实施的现状以及在实施中存在的问题，阐述了我国问责制其本身存在的弊端。

We can learn a lot from that. So we need a more independent supervision system including ombudsmen, supervisor on human rights, combined system of supervision and audit, supervision on maladministration and the open policy and more perfect procedure.

我国应当加强行政监察主体的独立性，吸收借鉴议会行政监察专员制度、人权监察专员制度和监审合一制度，增加对不良行政和行政公开的监督，完善行政监察程序。

What is more, rules of procedure support the whole process of the public interest's running including its defining, compensating and remedying of rights. System of procedure related with the public interest is made up of procedural rules of hearing, openness, investigation, consultation, obviation, judicial review and so on.

本章还研究了与公共利益密切相关的具体程序制度，包括行政听证制度、行政公开制度、行政调查制度、征询意见制度、回避制度，以及土地价值评估程序和诉讼程序，等等。

This dissertation summarized the supervisal to admininstrative action and the system of urban planning, analysed the actuality and shortage of supervisal to administrative action in administrant sysem of urban planning, and studied the overseas experience of supervisal to administrative action of urban planning. Based on these works, the dissertation brought four advices about how to consummate the mechanism of supervisal to administrative action of urban planning: The first is consummate the public participance system, protect the exertion of public rights about participateon advicee and superviseial, intensify the public supervisal and advance supervisal of urban planning. The second is consummate the democratic decision-making system, intensify the supervisal of the course of urban planning"s decision-making. The third is constitute the regulation of surveillant, intensify the administrative level"s supervisal of urban planning. The fourth is onstitute the regulation of went behind responsibility, intensify the ex post facto supervisal of urban planning.

本文通过对我国行政法制监督和城市规划体系进行概述，对城市规划行政法制监督机制建设的现状、不足进行分析，研究国外行政法制监督制度情况和可借鉴的经验做法，围绕完善城市规划的行政法制监督机制，提出从四个方面对规划监督法规体系加以完善：一是完善城市规划公示制度，保证公众对规划的参与权、建议权和监督权，做好规划管理的事前监督；二是完善城市规划决策机制，加强对规划决策过程中的监督；三是完善上级政府对下级政府规划规划管理的层级监督机制，通过派驻规划督察员加强规划管理事前、事中监督；四是建立城市规划违法违纪行政责任追究制度，通过严格的问责，加强事后监督。

But a number of defects and deficiencies exist yet in our country"s present administrative hearing system compared to western countries, such as the lack of transparency, the nondependent legal status of the host, the ambiguity of record and the faultiness of the system itself, because it was not a long time since introduced from foreign countries. And how to use the western countries" experiences for reference and integrate our practicality is very significant, in order to develop and perfect our countrys administrative hearing.

但是，由于行政听证制度引入我国的时间不长，与西方国家的行政听证制度相比，我国行政听证制度还存在一些问题，如听证透明度不高、听证主持人独立性不强、听证笔录的法律效力不明确和听证制度不完善等，使得在实践中&听而不证&的现象时常出现，从而使行政听证流于形式。

At draw lessons from the abroad administration the examination and approval the system to reform the foundation of experience success on, bring upped the our countried the administrationed to examine and approve the systemed the leading that reformed thought, the target is with the basicprinciple that reform to should insist, and finally aim at our country the administration examine and approve reformation that the present condition of the system reformation, examine and approve to administration system proceeded to study, and bring upped reformation of main measure..

在借鉴国外行政审批制度改革成功经验的基础之上，提出了我国行政审批制度改革的指导思想、目标和改革应坚持的基本原则，最后针对我国行政审批制度改革的现状，对行政审批制度的改革进行了探讨，提出了改革的主要措施。

In the third part , the author defines the legitimation of the judicial review to the abstract action . the author analyses the experience of constitutionalism of typic foreign countries and the defects of the devised control system to the abstract actions in china , and deems that it is necessary to establish the system of judicial review to the abstract action

第三部分&具体制度的建构：对抽象行政行为的司法审查&，在对中国现行司法审查制度评价的基础上，通过对抽象行政行为进行司法审查的必要性和优越性以及西方发达国家对抽象行政行为的审查机制的分析，明确在中国构建对抽象行政行为进行司法审查制度的正当性。

A comparative research on the ombudsmen institution may undertake in two aspects :One is the comparative research on norms, such as qualifications, organs, mechanisms, jurisdictions and power limits; Another is the comparative research on functions, namely, its special characteristics and indisplaceable status are demonstrated through the comparative study between the ombudsman institution and the parliament supervision, the judicial supervision and the internal supervision.

行政监察专员制度的比较研究可以从两个方面进行：一是进行规范比较，即对行政监察专员的任职资格、组织机构、运行机制、职责范围、权力界限等进行系统的、全面的比较分析；二是进行功能比较，矾究和阐述行政监察专员制度与议会监督机制、司法救济机制、行政机关内部救济机制的关系，从中总结出行政监察专员制度的独特品质及其无可替代的地位与功能。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。