行动主义

First, shareholder activism is increasing in a continent where until recently it was depressingly rare.

第一，股东行动主义在欧洲大陆越来越盛行了，而这种情况在此之前都是很罕见的。

In the USA it was connected with multiculturalism, AIDS activism and with identity politics in general.

在美国，它是和多元文化，艾滋病行动主义，以及身份政治联系在一起的。

Since the late of 1960"s, Shi"ite Ulama in the Middle Hast have gradually achieved the change from quietism to activism under the infulence of Najafi religional and political idea. The adventure of Musa Sadr in 1959 began the process of politicalization of Lebanese Shiite Ulama.

乌里玛向来在什叶派中居于特殊地位，但在黎巴嫩，他们长期服从于祖阿玛的政治权威。50年代后期以来，在纳杰夫宗教政治思想的影响下，中东什叶派乌里玛逐步实现了由无为主义到行动主义的转变。1959年穆萨·萨德尔的到来，开启了黎巴嫩什叶派乌里玛政治化的进程。

The special thing about Liu's art is that his works are not expressions of general emotions (what is commonly known as 'follow the feelings'), or graceful skills, or utilitarian interpretations of practical questions the latter is originated from France in the 18th century and its revolutionary tradition, namely political and utilitarian behaviorism tradition. French didacticism philosophers in the 18th century, just like the early renaissant civic humanists, advocated active and vibrant way of life and fought against ruminative way. They were not interested in metaphysics, and cared about practical issues—moral, mental and social--in their lives. They were confident of human future and held undoubted faith in history progress.

刘永刚的艺术的独特之处，就在于其作品中的表现性，不是一般性的情绪化的表现，不只是我们通常认为的"跟着感觉走"，也不是技巧性的优雅表现，或是对现实问题的功利性的主题解释，后者来源于18世纪的法国及法国革命传统，即政治化、功利化的行动主义传统。18世纪的法国启蒙主义哲学家，像文艺复兴早期的公民人文者一样，崇尚积极活跃的生活，不赞成沉思默想的生活，对形而上学没有兴趣，关心此时此地的人生中的实际问题——道德的、心理的、社会的问题，他们对人类的前途充满了信心，对历史的进步具有毫不怀疑的信念。

This kind of new form was related to both rights-based and sharing significance of extreme experience of individual HIV/AIDS patient to the indisposition and the stigmatization.

我指出，可以确定的是，正是晚期艾滋病患者"接近死亡"的绝境体验、以及与这种疾病晚期阶段相连的巨大污名和"社会死亡"，为HIV/AIDS的幸存者对"新生命"和社会行动主义的委身提供了平台。

The hopeless situation experience of "approaches the death" of later period AIDS patient as well as the huge stigmatization and "the social death" connected with this kind of disease later period has provided the platform for the HIV/AIDS survivor to "the new life" and the social actionism.

行动主义者的干预和对这些创伤经验的重述也推动了HIV/AIDS对行动主义的委身和社会底层的动员。此外，污名和社会死亡的巨大否定性也驱使行动主义者重建对HIV检测呈阳性人群新的、正面的身份认同，并促使他们思考，作为一名公民－行动主义者和一项社会运动的成员意味着什么。

The baby boomers, who entered adulthood promising a lifetime of activism, have been a politically undistinguished generation.

出生于生育高峰的人，在成年后承诺行动主义，只是一代政治上平庸的一代。

The special thing about Liu's art is that his works are not expressions of general emotions (what is commonly known as 'follow the feelings'), or graceful skills, or utilitarian interpretations of practical questions the latter is originated from France in the 18th century and its revolutionary tradition, namely political and utilitarian behaviorism tradition. French didacticism philosophers in the 18th century, just like the early renaissant civic humanists, advocated active and vibrant way of life and fought against ruminative way. They were not interested in metaphysics, and cared about practical issues—moral, mental and social--in their lives. They were confident of human future and held undoubted faith in history progress.

刘永刚的艺术的独特之处，就在于其作品中的表现性，不是一般性的情绪化的表现，不只是我们通常认为的&跟着感觉走&，也不是技巧性的优雅表现，或是对现实问题的功利性的主题解释，后者来源于18世纪的法国及法国革命传统，即政治化、功利化的行动主义传统。18世纪的法国启蒙主义哲学家，像文艺复兴早期的公民人文者一样，崇尚积极活跃的生活，不赞成沉思默想的生活，对形而上学没有兴趣，关心此时此地的人生中的实际问题——道德的、心理的、社会的问题，他们对人类的前途充满了信心，对历史的进步具有毫不怀疑的信念。

Also, the women's movement has succeeded in legitimizing the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive attitude toward unions.

同时，妇女运动在代表妇女经济和政治行动主义合法化方面取得了成功，进而对工会产生更正面的观点。

Board of directors provides the safe governance measures for ownership and contract of employment So termly or nonscheduled evaluation of board of directors is important to robust development of corporation.

公司治理的制度变迁正引领着&股东大会中心主义&向&董事会中心主义&过渡与演变，在主要市场经济国家中，机构投资者的大量涌现以及&股东行动主义&的兴起更强化了在公司内部建立正式的董事会和董事评估体系的要求。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。