行人

To satisfy the PDS antitype system requirements of ITS market,two systems are developed based on the computational classifier ensemble model.One is based on PC platform,which is used for offline algorithm verification,and the other one is based on a DSP chip,which is used for on-board pedestrian detection.

针对智能交通市场对廉价的行人检测原型系统的需要，本文在组合分类计算模型的基础上，分别完成了基于PC计算平台的行人检测算法离线验证平台和基于DSP的车载行人检测原型系统。

Considering the average critical gap of pedestrians walking through the vehicle flow and analyzing on large scale of data, it can reach the practical conclusion that the acceptable gap follows the normal distribution function N（4.86,1.72）. In order to make further analysis of the pedestrian delay,capacity and the conflicts with the vehicles,the average critical gaps are evaluated by three different ways.

通过研究行人穿越机动车流的平均临界间隙，对所观测的行人穿越间隙数据进行归纳分析，得出可接受穿越间隙的正态分布函数N（4.86，1.72），并通过三种不同的方法逐一计算出平均临界间隙，可为今后的行人延误时间、通行能力以及与车辆之间的冲突分析研究提供解决方案。

According to this phenomenon, this paper established game model for passerby and traffic officer by means of the basic principles of game theory. Two methods including pure strategy and mixed strategy will be introduced here. Based on the analysis, this paper found that there was no Nash equilibrium on pure strategy. And strengthening management on the traffic officer will reduce the probability of passerby running a red light. Furthermore, even though strengthening the penalty of the illegal passerby will make effect in short time. However, in the longtime, the phenomenon will go on and the traffic officer will be lazier at reverse.

针对这一现象，本文利用博弈论的基本原理，建立行人和交警的博弈模型，通过纯策略与混合策略这两种方法对行人和交警的博弈进行分析，结果发现行人和交警之间的博弈不存在纯策略纳什均衡，而在混合策略下，得出了只有加大对交警的监管力度才可以降低行人闯红灯的发生率，相反即使加大对闯红灯的行人的处罚力度，短期内的确可以起到一定的效果，但是就长期而言，闯红灯现象发生依旧频繁，而且使得交警更加的懒惰，达到适得其反的效果。

The dislocable distribution of pedestrians in initial status as well as movement process enhances the interactions among pedestrians.The walking speed is adjustable because the pedestrian can move one or more small grids in each time step.The exit is figured more accurately because of the finer lattice,which reduces the probability of pedestrians passing the exit abreast. When one pedestrian walks in the middle of an exit and no pedestrian could share the exit with him,then the evacuation efficiency is decreased.

网格细化使得行人在初始状态以及运动过程中呈现错位分布的特性，行人的错位分布加剧了行人间的相互排斥；网格细化使得在每个时间步内行人可以运动不同的格子数，从而实现了速度的可调性；网格细化使得出口得以精确的网格划分，在错位分布的作用下，形成了多格子模型中特有的行人出口独占效应，大大降低了出口的利用率。

Based on the concept and theory of liability without fault, this article discusses the 76th statute in the Law of On-road Traffic Safety, which says that the liability without fault gauge will be applicable if there is an accident between motor vehicle and a non-motor vehicle or pedestrians. It also elaborates the significance of the principle of applying the liability without fault in traffic accident cases. It means that besides intentionally, the non-motor vehicle driver or pedestrians don't have to pay the loss of the side of motor vehicle, even though there is a severe mistake by non-motor vehicle driver or pedestrians. This conclusion disaffirms that the damaged motor vehicle may claim for compensation to the non-motor vehicle driver or pedestrians.

本文从无过错责任概念及其理论依据入手，论述了《道路交通安全法》第七十六条规定的机动车与非机动车驾驶人、行人之间发生交通事故实行无过错责任归责原则，并详细阐释了在交通事故损害赔偿中适用无过错责任原则的功能，从而得出了机动车与非机动车驾驶人、行人之间发生交通事故，非机动车驾驶人、行人除故意外，即使存在重大过错，也不应当对机动车一方的损失承担赔偿责任的结论，否定了有损失的机动车一方可以向非机动车驾驶人或者行人索赔的观点。

The analysis data came through scene surveys and video record investigations. The stair speed rule considering the factors of sex, age, and the information guide is analyzed by statistics methods. According to the change rule of the density with speed, the speed or volume data at the certain density are combined. The relationship between volume, density and speed is obtained through suitably enhancing the density of the data in sensitive regions.

通过现场观测和摄像调查获取大量数据，利用统计学的方法分析性别、年龄以及信息对楼梯速度的影响规律；根据行人速度随密度变化的大致规律，对给定密度下的行人速度或者流量数据进行合并处理；适当加密变化敏感区域的数据，并利用这些统计数据建立上下楼梯行人的流量—行人密度—速度曲线关系。

The-430m track drift in Xuchang Coal Mine is a common passage for pedestrian and track transport.

针对许厂煤矿的-430m轨道运输斜巷行车兼做行人的特点，为满足行车不行人，行人不行车的规定，提出了一种新型矿井轨道斜巷人车安全闭锁装置。

According to the properties of pedestrians at crosswalks we propose an approach to efficiently detect and track pedestrians in the crowded situation at crosswalks.

根据行人穿越道上行人的特性，我们提出一个方法可以有效地侦测及追踪行人穿越道上在人群交错状况下的行人。

Cities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make crosswalks safer for people on foot , especially seniors and children who need more time to cross streets .

深受行人发生伤亡事故困扰的几座城市正在作出种种努力，以确保行人、特别是过马路需要更多时间的老少行人穿越马路更加安全。

The conflict between pedestrian at mid-block crosswalk and straight-going vehicle increases the delay of vehicles and the risk of vehicle-pedestrian crash,the setting of safety device has important impact on pedestrian behavior characteristic and driving behavior characteristic.

路段过街行人与直行机动车之间的冲突不仅增加了机动车的延误，也增加了机动车-行人事故发生的风险，而安全设施的设置对行人过街特性和机动车的驾驶特性有重要的影响，对此进行研究可为道路的安全审计和安全改造提供参考。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。