行为模式

Sociologist Erving Goffman (1922-1982) used the concept of the theater metaphor to analyze how people interact in everyday performance He examined the roles taken on by individuals, different aspects of these roles, how individuals interpret these roles, and how individuals distance themselves from the roles. He explained how individuals go through their lives like actors on the stage playing out their roles for others. In the theatre, the front-of-house staffs are the obvious, most easily recognized representatives of the Service.

社会学家尔文高夫曼(Erving Goffman，1922-1982)运用戏剧分析模式来解读平日习以为常的互动秩序，其认为人们都是舞台上的演员，在观众面前必须竭尽所能，将最完美的演出行为加以呈现并发展出套独特的戏剧论，将社会互动比喻成一连串的表演或戏剧，行为比喻成戏剧演出，而人们在观众面前扮演各种不同角色，一切的行为举止都试图符合他人期待，因此人们会随著不同的情境或观众的要求，自我改变而呈现多种面貌，并调整形象来强化演出。

To study the limit behavior of computations, the procedure scheme (Li, 1992, 1999) is generalized to model convergent infinite computations for analyzing how an infinite computation interacts and evolves in changing environments and what the limit of the evolution might be. The model is based on classical computation model Turing machine and Li's limit theory of sequences of formal systems.

收敛无穷计算的模型过程模式：本文将李未提出的过程模式推广为更一般的刻画收敛无穷计算的模型，该模型是基于经典计算模型Turing机和形式系统序列及其极限的理论的，可以用过程模式刻画网络上长期运行程序的计算特性与动态行为。

This latter model - best expressed by Sloane\'s work at General Motors in the USA in the 1920s and by contemporary development in Japan and Italy - puts the demands of the marketplace above those of the logic of mechanized mass production and tends, as a result, to value the diversification of products rather than, or as well as, standardization.

而前述的设计行为的转变直接反映出这两种模式的冲突。史罗娜在20世纪20年代为美国的通用汽车公司工作，她对第二种模式进行了详尽了阐述，甚至在日本和意大利的当代工业发展史中，也对这种模式作过很完备的表述。

Research shows that the"defence pattern"contains twocategories including the characteristics of Volley-Ball itself and the"concept pattern"of various defence actions and the established"concept Pattern"should be strenghthened in practical training and teaching and stored in the players′memory system.

研究表明：排球防守的"概念模式"的结构，包括排球运动本身的特点、各种防守行为的"概念模式"两方面内容；应将已经建立的防守"概念模式"，在教学和训练中有意识地进行强化，并储存在运动员记忆系统中。

The writer however never explains who constructed this problem and the perpetrators behind it...western ideas, western lifestyles, western eating habits, western industrial models, western agricultural models, western commerce model ...western culture, encroaching like cancer cells on China. It is a pity that even the West has already swallowed its own bitter fruit, and also knew what the problems were, yet, many have come to China with a drive of profit, practice cheatingly those business conducts which are even banned in their own countries. The situation is just like the illegal opium trade about 200 years ago. It has caused China a new poisonous addition.

但作者并没有说明制造这个问题的幕后黑手…西方的思维、西方的生活方式、西方的饮食习惯、西方的工业模式、西方的农业模式、西方的商业模式…西方文化如癌细胞似的在侵害著中国；可恨的是西方已偿到苦果，亦知问题所在，很多甚至在其国家被禁的行为，但在利益推使下都跑来中国，或哄或骗的在中国发展起来，有如二百年前的鸦片一样，令中国中毒上瘾。

The former depicts a translation activity interpretively, using anexpository model; the later comments on a translation activity from both technicalaspect and ethical aspect, of which the ethical criticism takes priority.

前者是描述解释行为，需要运用一定的翻译行为解释模式，后者是评价行为，可以分为技术性评价和道义评价。在翻译活动评价中，道义评价为第一评价原则。

On the basis of Trips,legislative perfection of the crime of shamming registered trademark as follows:bring service trademark,resembling commodity,approximate trademark and opposite shamming into the protection area of the crime;change the legislative pattern of the crime coming into existence by result into by behavior;reinforce the protection of famous registered trademark by criminal law.

Trips协议下我国假冒注册商标罪的立法应从以下方面加以完善：将服务商标、&类似商品&、&近似商标&侵权行为和反向假冒注册商标行为纳入本罪的保护范围；改结果犯为行为犯的立法模式；加大刑法对注册驰名商标行为的保护力度。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

Micro-mechanism of hoarding behavior and its influences on economy are also studied in this paper. Consumers' and firms' HBs are investigated and the quantitative relation among the identioal hoardings, short-term real hoardings and long-term real hoardings are obtained. The influence of HB on fluctuation of market price is discussed by classifying HB into five types, and the goal for government to adjust HB as well as some suitable policies are suggested.

本文系统研究了经济中囤积行为的微观机制和对宏观经济的影响，全面考察了消费者和企业的囤积行为，提出了理想囤积倾向，实际囤积倾向、短缺资源配给模式等概念；给出了理想囤积量与短期实际囤积量，长期实际囤积量之间的定量关系；讨论了囤积行为对市场价格波动的影响，首次提出了囤积行为的五种类型，分析了它们对价格的不同影响，并给出了政府调节的目标和实行措施。

It makes a study of the pursuance model of the local governmental behavior and a comparative analysis upon the local government behavior under the "Zhejiang Model" and the developed market economic system of USA, and provides a new vision and useful research methods to the study of the local government behavior.

研究了地方政府行为追求模型，并对&浙江模式&下的地方政府行为与美国发达市场经济体制下的地方政府行为进行了对比分析，为地方政府行为研究提供了一个新的视角和有益的研究方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。