行为主义者

The altruist, instead of continuing to perform selfless acts, will try to compel change in the offender.

利他主义者不是继续进行无私的行为，而是试图强迫违反者改变。

This appears paradoxical, as it implies that the altruist is actively reducing its fitness, However, if the altruist is related to the beneficiary, this strategy may result in more of the altruist's genes passing to the next generation.

这意味着，利他主义者积极地减少其适合度。利他行为看起来似乎是矛盾的，然而，如果利他行为者与受惠者具有亲缘关系，这种对策可以使利他行为者有更多的基因遗传给下一代。

I am not going to argue about whether people who behave altruistically are 'really' doing it for secret or subconscious selfish motives.

我的定义只涉及行为的效果，是降低或提高这个假定的利他主义者生存的可能性，以及这个假定的受益者生存的可能性。

In contrast, rule-utilitarianism insists that the commonsensical moral rules must be strictly followed by all means. Although this position might seem to be a merit to rule-utilitarianism, it has its flipside.

相对而言，规则效益主义者认为行为者在任何情况下都必须遵守日常道德规则，虽然采取这种观点似乎对规则效益主义者有利，但事实上它也有它的缺陷。

Many critics of utilitarianism claim that it would condone killing, stealing, robbing, and breaking promises whenever these actions are found to be expedient for the promotion of maximal happiness. It seems that utilitarianism does not take our commonsensical moral rules seriously enough.

中文摘要许多效益主义者的批评者认为只要杀人、偷窃、抢劫或是违背诺言可以促进最大幸福的实现，那麼这些行为都是效益主义者所允许的，这似乎显得效益主义不够尊重日常道德规则。

You can characterize his behavior as that of an egotist; This poem can be characterized as a lament for a dead lover.

你可以把他的行为刻画为个人主义者的行为。注意，注意力集中

Does it make one protectionist to suggest that such a flagrant violation of the agreed international code of conduct on exchange rate policy needs to be labelled as such by the International Monetary Fund, and that continued inaction by the IMF will eventually lead national legislatures to get into the act with retaliatory trade policies?

它是否会让一个贸易保护主义者想到，如此公然违反公认国际汇率政策行为准则的行为需要被国际货币基金组织贴上这样的标签？而IMF的继续不作为最终会导致国内立法机构采取报复性贸易政策的行动？

Nor need it worry a physicalist, if he can reduce psychology, for then he could understand "from the bottom up" the acts (with their internal, intentional contents) which created the irreducible ontologies of the other sciences.

也无需为物理主义苦恼，如果物理主义者能还原心理，那么他就可以"从下到上"理解这些行为（伴随其内在的、意向内容），而这些行为创立了其他科学的不可还原的存有学。

Theactivities of SEA were quite successful,and finally pacified the debatebetween sustantivists and formalists starting from the 60s.The economicanthropology expanded its research scope to all aspects of the study ofhuman behavior and institutions,and thus embarking on a broad road.Formalists,substantivists,economic historians,ethnohistorians andeconomists,and all others interested in the study were welcome.

SEA的活动相当成功，也最终使60年代以来的&形式&与&实在&之争渐渐平息，美国经济人类学开始走上了向&广义&发展的道路：所有关于人类经济行为和制度的研究都被视为属于学科的研究范畴，不论是形式主义者、实在主义者、考古学者、民族志研究者还是经济学家、经济史学家、经济地理学家的有关研究成果都受到欢迎。

In Egypt, the British had become so resented for their racist, arrogant ways that by the early 1950s even Winston Churchill, the grand old imperialist who had returned as prime minister in 1951, felt he could resist the tide of nationalism no more. After 1951 the British were confined to the Suez canal zone, harassed by Egyptian irregulars who wanted them out altogether.

在埃及，由于英国的种族主义者，以及由1951年重返首相之位的自负的老牌帝国主义者温斯顿·丘吉尔于20世纪50年代早期带来的傲慢的行为方式，英国人已经变得如此遭人憎恨，英国人感觉到他不再反民族主义了。1951年后，英国人被限制在苏伊士运河地区，同时他们被那些想把他们完全从埃及赶走的人埃及人所骚扰。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。