行为主义

The thinkers of the Lunyu School fully expressed their persistence of individualism and their reconsideration in literary modernity Yet the persistence and escape existed side by side, this mode of behavior and thinking indicated that the self-subject of the modern scholars was illusive and was hard to carry on when the modern scholars were covered by the powerful tradition and deeply controlled by modernity's consciousness of time Chapter Two Reconsidering on the character of modernity with leisure ampleness, resisting the human alienation caused by modern materialism and mechanism with humor, reaffirming the space of self-expression, which formed the humor, the leisure, the modern, and the aesthetic spirit implication of Lunyu School But the modern scholar's powerful inclining to the tradition made Lunyu School's aestheticism draw close to live in seclusion And its aesthetic modernity is also discounted for that reason Chapter Three It is the emotion and the leisure manner owning by the middle aged people that help to bring about Lunyu School's essay's adjusting in main key and moving massively in theme Lunyu School changed the way for "gaining the experience of life"in the twenties'prose It went from highly enthusiastic writings to reserved life-concerning and recite with appreciation in everyday life

第一章 三十年代左翼文学以其"新"、"进步"和"时代性"确立了自己的合理性地位，而时代思潮的转换、文艺与政治的日益密切使五四自由知识分子所坚持的个人主义成了"落伍""颓废"的表征。论语派自由思想者充分表达了对个人主义的执着、对文学现代性的反思，但坚持与逃逸并存的行为与思维模式表明现代士子在忧生伤世的强大传统笼罩下和一往无前的现代性时间意识的深刻控制下，个人主体的难以为继和虚幻性。第二章以闲适的余裕对奔竞躁进、汲汲功利、一往无前的现代性特征进行反思，以幽默对抗现代物质主义机械主义对人灵智的异化，重申自我表现的空间，构成论语派幽默闲适的现代性审美精神内涵。但现代文人对于传统的强大趋同力，则使论语派审美主义向隐逸文化靠拢，其审美现代性由此大打折扣。第三章中年情感与闲适气度直接促成论语派散文基调上的调整及主题的大幅横移，在趣味、游戏、幽默、闲适中改变了二十年代散文"问世"的径路，从意兴湍飞的激扬文字走向了沉潜适世的生命关怀与日常人生的吟味与咀嚼。

But due to little research of claimable assets and debts and lack of relative legal norm, the transation of them are not clear in theory, such as,Is it a contract act or juristical act of real right in differing from the transaction of ...

诸如：如何界定债的移转是合同行为还是物权行为；债的移转是否采取同意主义；债权与债务的交易是否商业行为，是否可以牟利；如此等等，这些都不能不引起我们对债权与债务交易的思考。

Connectionist, constructionist and behaviorist cognitive psychology are new approaches, which have been developed from symbolist cognitive psychology. They have some relations and similarities, as well as differences.

联结主义、建构主义和行为范式认知心理学是在符号主义认知心理学的基础上发展起来的认知心理学新取向，它们之间既存在着一定的联系和相同点，也有一定的差异。

Microeconomic behavior has type of two kinds of research model: One kind is the egocentric mode that sets out from the hoggish sex of individual action, one kind is the altruism mode that sets out from the altruistic sex of individual action.

个体经济行为有两种研究范式：一种是从个体行为的利己性出发的利己主义模式，一种是从个体行为的利他性出发的利他主义模式。

The first part is the author"s special viewpoint about the thinking ability, such as the meaning, the essence, the classification and the operating process. The second part describes the relations between developing thinking ability and the urgent needs of country, society and individual development from five aspects. The third part is about the connection and differences of thinking ability, intelligence, ability, creativity and the constructivism theory. The forth part analyses the teachers" nine injudicious actions that will influence the students" thinking ability. The fifth part discusses the students" seven bad learning behaviors that will cause the degradation of thinking ability. The sixth part is about the unsuitable policies or actions adopted by school, society or family that will cause the degradation of the students" thinking ability. The seventh part discusses the countermeasures that can maintain and develop the students" thinking ability. The eighth part brings forward twelve countermeasures that can exercise the student"s thinking ability in chemistry teaching. The last part gives a brief account of the task.The author expects that this article can enhance the coteries" attention to the students thinking ability.

本文共分九个部分，第一部分对思考力的含义及其本质、分类和运行过程提出了作者的观点；第二部分从五个方面阐述培养思考力与国家、社会、个人发展的迫切需要之间的关系；第三部分简要叙述了思考力、智力、能力、创造力与建构主义理论之间的联系和区别；第四部分分析了教师的九种不当行为对学生思考力水平的影响；第五部分分析了学生的七种不良学习行为导致思考力下降的因素；第六部分叙述了学校、社会和家庭的不当政策或行为导致学生思考力水平下降的原因；第七部分着重从八个方面阐述了保持和发展学生思考力的对策；第八部分提出了在化学教学中训练学生思考力的十二种对策；最后在结束语中对本课题主要观点进行了概述，以期望引起教育界同仁对学生思考力培养的重视。

The existence of politicized dramaturgical action proves that freedom is never abstract; the precondition of realizing true democracy would be to reform the social structure and institutions, rooted on which such psychological and social phenomena could become understandable.

但我们有理由期望这项研究将丰富批判理论关于&战略行为&、&交往行为&的传统界定与阐释；至少，它将证明人类行为类型与互动关系的多样性与复杂性。我们还期望这项研究将为威权主义社会中个体自由、人权的历史性及民主化进程的政治哲学探究提供独特的视角，因为政治性剧场行为的存在告诉我们：自由永远不是抽象的；要实现真正的民主与人权，就必须矫正造成心灵扭曲与禁忌的社会结构与制度运行方式。

So, it is difficult to be explained by reasonal choice theory .but it has suited the perceptual regulation of perceptual choice theory .Look from its concrete recruitment behavior and incentive mechanism, they are not accord with reasonal choice theory, but embody such characteristics of choosing by tradition , choosing by experience and choosing by characteristic of goal totalization .

因为，国有企业的招工行为是对马克思主义理论的照搬照抄，是对苏联企业模式的模仿，同时它还是在计划场域制约下，遵循实践意识的行为选择；而国有企业选择统一工资政策和企业办社会的福利模式作为服务于用工的激励机制，其行为选择既受计划场域的制约，同时也受中国传统思想的影响。

Treating translation a political activity, feminist translators stress the translating subject from the perspective of women. They put forward strategies including supplementing, prefacing and footnoting as well as hijacking to make women heard and eliminate discrimination.

女性主义在其发展发展过程中受到了结构主义、后殖民主义、文化学等现代理论的影响，将翻译视为一项政治行为，从女性主义角度强调翻译主体；为了消除翻译研究中的性别歧视，提出了女性主义翻译的种种策略，包括增补、加写前言和脚注以及劫持等。

He could have such influence because:first,there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement;second,it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism;third,the focus of his criticism,which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view,was mainly the 17th-18th century historicism,especially the dogmatic,vulgarized and distorted Marxist social historical theory;last but not the least,Marxist materialist historicism is the dialect logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic and scientific way,the more easily understandable and acceptable way,in his criticism.

究其缘故起因，我以为这首先与国际共产主义行为的理论与实践本身存在主要题目有关；其次与他批驳的特点有关用貌似纯科学的要领作纯学术的批驳；三是其批驳锋芒所指虽然也包孕马克思主义的唯物史不美观，但主若是指17—18世纪历史抉择论，出格是指被教条化、俗气化和误解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论；更深层的缘故起因是，马克思主义的历史抉择论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的，而波普尔的批驳首要运用的是情势逻辑和自然科学的要领，这样的逻辑和要领是人们凡是对照轻易理解？理睬和接管的要领。

As an international actor playing important role on the world stage, EU is different from not only traditional state actors but also non-state actors. To some extent EU can be called a quasi state actor or a postmodern actor.

作为一个在世界舞台上发挥重要作用的国际行为体，欧盟不同于传统国家行为体，也不同于一般的非国家行为体，在一定意义上可以说是独特的准国家行为体或日后现代行 2 欧洲联盟国际行为能力研究：一种建构主义视角为体。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。