血红蛋白

The mechanism of carbon monoxide poisoning are: access to it soon after the alveolar and hemoglobin have a strong affinity to enable the formation of hemoglobin carboxyhemoglobin, to stop the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen.

一氧化碳的中毒机理是：它进入肺泡后很快会和血红蛋白产生很强的亲合力，使血红蛋白形成碳氧血红蛋白，阻止氧和血红蛋白的结合。

Infants are particularly susceptible to nitrite-induced methaemoglobinaemia because fetal haemoglobin converts to methemoglobin more easily. In addition, infants have a low concentration of the reducing enzyme such that methemoglobin is not converted back to hemoglobin as readily.

婴儿特别容易患上由亚硝酸盐引致的正铁血红蛋白血症，是因为胎儿的血红蛋白较易转变为正铁血红蛋白，而婴儿的还原浓度低，较难把正铁血红蛋白还原为红血球素。

Compared with classical methods,the main advantage is as follows:raffinose oxidation time may be shortened within 60min;oxidation of hemoglobin can be controlled when the reaction temperature is 20℃;the proportion of MetHb can be controlled less than 5%;the ratio of raffinose to hemoglobin and the final concentration were dependent on the average molecular weight of HBOCs;at the same time,we can obtain HBOCs of different molecular weights.

与经典的方法相比，其主要优点为：高碘酸钠氧化棉籽糖的时间可缩短至60min即可达到完全氧化：在20℃时，便可控制血红蛋白的氧化，可将MetHb含量控制在5%以内；棉籽糖与血红蛋白的比例和血红蛋白的反应终浓度可根据所需要的目的聚合血红蛋白的平均分子量的大小来定；同时调整反应体系可以得到不同分子量大小的HBOCs。

Compared with the former study of interaction between varieties of vertebrates hemoglobin and human hemoglobin, human fetal hemoglobin, the results support the conclusion about the boundary of interaction between vertebrates hemoglobin and kinds of protein molecule in the electric field is the Reptilia animals and enrich the theory of hemoglobin molecular evolution.

同前面所进行的各种脊椎动物血红蛋白分别与人血红蛋白、胎儿血红蛋白相互作用的研究对照比较，进一步验证脊椎动物血红蛋白与各种蛋白分子在电场中的相互作用的分水岭可能位于爬行纲动物，丰富了血红蛋白分子进化理论。

Compared with the former study ofinteractionbetween varietiesof vertebrates hemoglobinand human hemoglobin, human fetal hemoglobin, the results support the conclusion about theboundary of interaction between vertebrates hemoglobin and kinds of protein molecule in the electric field is the Reptilia animals and enrich the theoryof hemoglobin molecular evolution.

同前面所进行的各种脊椎动物血红蛋白分别与人血红蛋白、胎儿血红蛋白相互作用的研究对照比较，进一步验证脊椎动物血红蛋白与各种蛋白分子在电场中的相互作用的分水岭可能位于爬行纲动物，丰富了血红蛋白分子进化理论。

It was found from structure-electrochemical studies of hemoglobin that (1) electroreduction induces the T→R transition with chirality transition and umbrella conversed effect;(2) electric field induces the secondary structural transition between two α helices, which is smilar to the denaturalization of the protein;(3) The electrochemical reaction mechanism of EC including T→R transition and parameters have also been obtained.

在血红蛋白的结构-电化学研究中发现：（1）电化学还原诱导血红蛋白的T→R构型转化，手性转化的伞翻转效应；（2）电场诱导血红蛋白的两种α螺旋二级结构间的转化，属于电场诱导血红蛋白的部分变性；（3）获得血红蛋白电化学还原的包括R→T转换的EC机理和参数

By investigation of the hemoglobin of normal adults, diabetes, and serious diabetes at liquid nitrogen temperature, Oxy-hemoglobin , Deoxy-hemoglobin and Low-spin hemochrome are found in all the above three hemoglobin samples.

通过对正常人的血红蛋白、一般糖尿病患者的血红蛋白和严重糖尿病患者的血红蛋白的研究表明，在上述三种血红蛋白的样品中都存在带氧的血红蛋白，不带氧的血红蛋白及低自旋的血色素。

Plant hemoglobin ,symbiotic hemoglobin, nonsymbiotic hemoglobin, expression ofplant hemoglobin genes

植物血红蛋白；；共生血红蛋白；；非共生血红蛋白；；植物血红蛋白基因表达

Furthermore, it was found that the quaternary structure of bar-headed goose R state Hb is quite different from that of human R state Hb, but greylag goose Hb is similar with human Hb. Analysis indicates that this difference is caused by α63 mutation.

此外发现斑头雁血红蛋白的R态四级结构与人血红蛋白的R态有较大差异，而灰雁血红蛋白则与人血红蛋白接近，分析发现这种差异是α63突变造成的。

These methods oftenyield widely different results so that the results must be traceable to the referencemethod to assure the accuracy and comparability.In 1964 the Expert Panel on Haemoglobinometry of ICSH drew uprecommendations for haemoglobinometry in human blood that were published in1967. The method had been revised three times; the apparatus, reagent and procedurehad been changed. We have established the reference method in our laboratoryaccording to the requirements of ICSH. Its methodology characteristics need to bevalidated whether the method is fit for charaterisation of haemiglobincyanidereference material.

国际血液学标准化委员会于1967年确定了血红蛋白的参考方法，至今该方法已修订三次，仪器、试剂、操作程序等都有改变，本实验室按照ICSH的要求建立了血红蛋白测定的参考方法，为了验证血红蛋白参考方法用于标准物质定值的可行性，我们对血红蛋白测定参考方法的性能进行了评价。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。