血管钙化

Background— Fetuin-A is a multifunctional hepatic secretory protein that inhibits dystrophic vascular and valvular calcification.

背景---胎球蛋白A是具有多功能由肝脏分泌的蛋白质，它抑制了营养不良性血管和心瓣膜钙化的发生，较低的胎球蛋白A血清浓度和肾终末期疾病患者的心瓣膜钙化是相联系的。

Results (1) 6 cases of Tuberous Sclerosis. Diffused subependymal nodular calcification lesions were found in all cases on unenhenced CT. 4 patients are 2 pairs of mother/child relationship. Both of the two mothers are found to suffer from renal angiomyolipoma.(2)1 case of neurofibromatosis showed abnormal spinal canal: scoliosis of thoracic and lumbar spine, concave change of vertebral posterior border. Bilateral renal hypogenesis was found in this patient. Diffused hyper-density lesions were found in kidney and fatty accumulation was found in back skin.(3)6 cases of Sturge-Weber syndrome. On unenhenced CT, curving and strip-shaped calcifications were found along the parietal and occipital gyrus.

结果 ①结节性硬化6例，所有病例CT平扫见两侧脑室室管膜下多发小结节状高密度钙化灶，其中4例为两对母子关系，并见两位母亲合并有肾脏错构瘤，；②神经纤维瘤病1例，MRI表现为椎管异常，胸腰段脊柱侧弯，椎体后缘呈明显的切凹改变；伴有双肾发育不良，CT示肾内多个高密度影，背部皮肤多量脂肪堆积，③脑颜面血管瘤综合征6例， CT可见顶枕部沿脑回分布的弯曲的条状高密度钙化，部分延伸致侧脑室内，增强后见病灶内有扭曲的条状和结节状明显强化的血管影；④小脑血管瘤病4例，影像学表现为小脑内大囊、小结节样占位性病变。

Results The digital Mo-butt photograph can clear show the skin mammary gland canal,fat,fibre,lymph and blood vessel of galactophore,and show the direct sign of cancer:bump,malignant calcify;the indirect signs:density shadow、disorganized configuration of partial,incrassate skin,mammilla cave in,big vacularsign and big canal and so on.

结果 数字化钼靶乳腺摄影能清晰的显示乳房的皮肤、乳头、腺体、导管脂肪、纤维组织、淋巴和血管，能够清晰显示乳腺癌的直接征象：肿块、恶性钙化。间接征象：致密影、局部结构紊乱、局部皮肤增厚、乳头内陷、大血管征及大导管相等。

Curvilinear calcification suggests an aneurysm but is a less specific finding because it can also occur in craniopharyngiomas and sphenoidal masses. The intense enhancement of the residual lumen is relatively specific, but differentiation from other masses may be difficult on CT scans depending on the timing and degree of vascular enhancement. The MR imaging features are usually diagnostic, although they can be very subtle [2]. Significant signal heterogeneity is seen with T1 hyperintense signal due to subacute thrombus or flow related enhancement. Areas of T2 hypointensity can be seen due to intracellular deoxy or methemoglobin, calcification, or flow void.

线样钙化提示动脉瘤，但不是一个非常特异的征像，因为这也可以见于颅咽管瘤和蝶骨肿瘤，管腔样明显强化更特异些，但是在CT上与其他肿瘤鉴别可能是困难的，因为这取决与增强的时间与血管强化的程度，MR的特征性表现是更具有诊断意义的，即使有时候可能表现的非常细微，在T1上可以看到明显的不同信号成分，这是由于亚急性的血栓或流动相关增强效应，T2序列上可以看到低信号区域，这是由于细胞内脱氧或高铁血红蛋白，钙化，或流空效应。

Nine patients were female and one male (ages 31-77, average 52 years). Six patients presented parenchymal vascular lesions (1 angiosarcoma, 1 atypical hemangioma, 3 perilobular hemangiomas, 1 cavernous hemangioma) measuring 0.5-6 cm in the greatest diameter. Two lesions were accidental findings in lumpectomy specimens excised for fibrocystic disease with microcalcifications. Four patients presented non-parenchymal vascular lesions: three cavermous hemangiomas and one angiolipoma measuring 1-6 cm in diameter.

女性9例，男性1例（年龄31-77岁，平均52岁）。6例表现为实质血管性病变（血管肉瘤1例，不典型血管瘤1例，小叶周围血管瘤3例，海绵状血管瘤1例），大小0.5-6cm.2例因乳腺纤维囊型病变伴微钙化在切除的标本上偶然发现。4例呈非实质性的血管病变，其中海绵状血管瘤3例（1例为男性），1例为血管脂肪瘤，最大直径为1.6cm。

METHODS:Calcification of cultured rat VSMCs was produced by incubation with β-glycerophosphate. Calcium content, Ca2+ deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity were analyzed to estimate the extent of calcification.

目的：在离体钙化的血管平滑肌细胞上，观察内皮素受体阻断剂对血管平滑肌细胞钙化的影响，探讨内皮素促进细胞钙化的信号转导和分子机制。

There are many sonographic mimics of tiny renal calculi: calcified or noncalcified renal vessels, prominent papillae, nephrocalcinosis, milk of calcium, junctional parenchymal lines, angiomyolipomas, and foreign bodies (eg, part of a stent or catheter).6,7

在超声上有许多类似于肾微小结石的结构：钙化或非钙化的肾血管，突出的肾乳头，肾钙质沉着，钙乳症，肾实质交界线，血管平滑肌脂肪瘤和异物。

Results: Forty- four nodules were available for final evaluation. Average nodule volume was 501.9 mm3(range,17mm3～2496.4mm3).Thirty-two nodules had well-defined edges, and 12 had irregular or spiculated margins.

结果： 44个结节作为最终体积测量对象，肺小结节体积变化范围17 mm3～2496.4 mm3 ，平均值为501.9 mm3.32个结节边缘光滑，12个边缘不规则或呈针尖状。31个结节位于肺实质内，9个靠近胸膜，4个邻近血管。41个呈实性未见钙化，2个斑点状钙化，1个完全钙化。

Methods Fifty healthy SD rats were fed for twentytwo months in order to build the model of aging rats, the histology of femoral bone, tibial bone and lumbal vertebra was used to observe, then we evaluated the indexes which reflect the degeneration of intervertebral disc including the quantity of collagen type Ⅱ,Ⅹ of intervertebral disc by the immunohistochemistry methods, the relative area of vascular bud, the thickness of calcified layer and uncalcified layer on cartilage endplate and the indexes which reflect the osteoporosis including the thickness ratio of cortical bone, the relative area of bone trabecula, the bone density, the max stress and straining of bone.

50只健康纯种SD大鼠，喂养22个月，建立老龄大鼠模型，进行股骨、胫骨、腰椎等组织学观察，并评价椎间盘退变的相关指标(椎间盘软骨Ⅱ型和Ⅹ型胶原表达、软骨终板血管芽相对面积、软骨终板钙化层/非钙化层厚度)与骨质疏松的相关指标(骨皮质厚度指数、骨小梁相对面积、骨密度、骨最大应力和应变)的相关性。

Results There was moderate or strong negative correlation among the indexes of the degeneration of intervertebral disc including the relative area of vascular bud, the ratio of the uncalcified and the calcified layer, the quantitation of collagen type Ⅱand the indexes of osteoporosis including the thickness ratio of cortical bone, the relative area of bone trabecula, the density of femoral bone and vertebral body bone, the max stress and straining of bone.

结果 骨质疏松相关指标骨皮质厚度指数、骨小梁相对面积、股骨密度、椎体骨密度与椎间盘退变指标终板血管芽相对面积、非钙化/钙化层比值、Ⅱ型胶原定量之间存在中度到强度的负相关，而与Ⅹ型胶原表达存在中度到强度的正相关，其中椎体骨密度与软骨终板的Ⅹ型胶原相关性最强。

The reasons of iron ions content overproof in grade Ⅱ desalting water system,such as variation water quality,contamination of regenerant , operation adjustment of pretreatment system and switching operation of bed were discussed.

对二级脱盐水系统中铁离子含量超标的原因，如来水水质发生波动、再生剂受到污染、预处理系统操作调整、床体运行切换等进行了论述。

You were hired to drum up new business, so go and do it.

公司雇你招徕新业务，你就做你的事好了。