血管收缩的

The transform of phenotype of VSMC: The mRNA expressions of SM22α-a notate gene of contractile VSM-were all detected on normal aortas,but decreased normally when the aortas were destroyed and cultured in vitro for 10 days,especially in the serum groups,whose SM22αmRNA could not be detected by RT-PCR.Here,BQ123 can increased their expressions.This demonstrated that serum culture and the secretion of ET-1 can produce the transform of phenotype from contractile to synthesize type.

血管平滑肌表型的转化：RT-PCR检测发现，血管平滑肌收缩表型标志基因SM22α在正常血管平滑肌中都有表达，但在内皮损伤后体外培养10天的血管表达明显减弱，其中血清培养组血管基本不表达，加内皮素受体阻断剂BQ123后，各组SM22α的表达均有所上调，这表明内皮素分泌和血清培养促进了血管平滑肌的表型由收缩型向分泌型的转化。

Pallor could be seen in association with marked vasoconstriction. However, severe vasoconstriction may cause purpuric, erythematous skin rashes and acrocyanosis over the extremities. It has also been seen to diminish peripheral pulsations, which result in non-detectable of non-invasive blood pressure.

皮肤因血管收缩可能导致苍白，但是严重的血管收缩却可能产生四肢紫斑或红斑的皮疹及肢端发绀的现象，甚至因为周边脉搏减弱导致量不到血压。

Angiotensin Ⅱ is a potent vasoactive hormone, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis.

第二型血管收缩素是一种极强的血管收缩物质，与肾丝球硬化关系密切。

Either of two polypeptide hormones,one of which is a powerful vasoconstrictor,that function in the body in controlling arterial pressure.

血管收缩素，高血压素两种多肽激素，其中一种是有效的血管收缩素，在体内控制动脉血压

Since the reduced effective volume is due to extreme vasodilation then a vasoconstrictor can be used and the vasoconstrictor for which there is the most experience is Terlipressin.

由于减少的有效血容量起因于血管扩张，血管收缩剂可以用于治疗此病，有效的血管收缩剂是特利加压素。

There are four kind of isoforms of endothelin in human and other mammals named ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and ET-β, which are slightly different in construction and pharmacological effect. In human beings, ET-1 is the dominative subtypes. ET-1 remains in blood at a low level about 5ng per liter on physical state. It is synthesized, stored, released and metabolized locally. The half-life of ET-1 is about 1 hour. ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictive factor till now, and it is more functional in vein than in artery. In vascular bed, there are two kind of ET receptors. Type A mainly located in smooth muscle cells, whereas type B in endothelial cells. The latter can stimulate intimal hyperplasia via a parasecretion way and activate some oncogenes such as c-fos and c-myc and then enhance their expression. These alterations result in constriction of blood vessels, thus the SMC steps into proliferate state from silent state.

人及哺乳动物体内有四种结构及药理学性质略有差异的异物体，分别为ET-1、ET-2、ET-3、ET-β，而在人主要是ET-1，在生理条件下，ET-1在血浆中含量较低，约为5ng〓，故ET-1不是一个循环激素，而是局部合成释放，局部起作用的活性物质，半衰期约1小时，ET-1是目前已知的最强的血管收缩剂，对静脉的作用比动脉强，在血管床，ET受体有A、B两型，A型主要分布在平滑肌细胞，B型主要分布在内皮细胞，它可以通过旁分泌途径刺激内膜增生，具有有丝分裂原效应，可以激活某些癌基因如C-fos、C-myc使其表达增强引起血管收缩，使静止期SMC进入增殖期，还可以通过信号传导途径，与bFGF、GTF-β、PDGF等生长因子协同作用，起共有丝分裂原作用。

As the temperature of rat aorta was raised, the vasoconstrictive force and vasoconstrictive speed increased, and the effects of norepinephrine on vasculature were raised. The results suggest that the constant X1 for vasoconstrictive force is a factor sensitive to temperature.

认为NE引起的血管收缩张力的大小，显然也处于温度的影响之下；随着温度的升高，血管收缩张力变大，收缩速率变快，NE对血管的作用效力增强；且张力因子X1是温度敏感因子。

Results AE from CM had vasodilating effect on the contracti on of mesentery blood capillary in guinea pigs and the contraction of rat thoracic aortic ring induced by l0μmol/L phenylephrine, even under the condition of pre-treating with glibenclamide (1μmol/L) or propranolol (3μmol/L). When the endothelium of the rat thoracic aortic ring was removed, AE from CM had not vasodilating effect hut constrictive effect. AE from CM could also increase the contents of NO, NOS and cNOS in the aortic tissue and had no obvious effect on the NO content in plasma and iNOS in aortic tissue of rats.

结果 桑白皮丙酮提取物有抑制去甲肾上腺素收缩豚鼠肠系膜微血管的作用，抑制苯肾上腺素(10μmol/L)收缩离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用，预加优降糖或普蔡洛尔(3μmol／L)后仍然有松弛作用；大鼠胸主动脉环去内皮后药物无松弛作用，反而起收缩作用；显著升高血管的NO和NOS、cNOS含量，对大鼠血浆的NO和血管iNOS的含量影响不大。

Our experiment showed that addition of benzydamine induced vasorelaxation in the denuded aorta precontracted with KCl in the normal krebs.

实验结果亦显示，benzydamine能抑制高钾所引起的收缩作用，并且藉由在无钙之Krebs溶液中，经benzydamine前处理的血管给予高钾刺激之后，再给予钙离子刺激血管收缩，发现其能抑制外钙内流所造成的血管收缩作用。

Whenadministrated to rings precontracted with 1μmol·L-1 PE in the absence ofextracellular Ca2+, a second extracelluar-calcium-dependent vasoconstrictioninduced by restoration of extracellular Ca2+ were also reduced by pretreatment of 50-200μmol·L-1 MLB dose-dependently.

在复钙实验中观察到，MLB 50-200μmol·L-1 不仅抑制PE 1μmol·L-1 诱导的内钙依赖性血管收缩，而且对复钙后外钙依赖性的血管收缩也有抑制作用。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。