血管挤压钳

We do not separately skeletonize the renal ein and artery during LPN. We think that indiidual essel skeletonization is unnecessary, and might een be counter-productie for the following reasons:1it is not mandatory for achieing adequate clamping;2 it might result in renal artery asospasm;3 it increases the risks of iatrogenic ascular injury with serious sequelae;4 some hilar fat might cushion the renal essels, minimizing crush injury to the endothelium by the clamp, especially in cases of atherosclerotic renal arteries;5 it requires ≈ 30 min of precious operating time, detracting the surgeon from the primary goal of the procedure.

在LPN过程中不分离肾动静脉轮廓，因其并无必要，如分离可能由于以下原因达不到预期目的：1 不必充分夹紧；2可能导致肾动脉痉挛；3增加医源性血管损伤及其严重后遗症的风险；4肾门脂肪可能对于肾脏血管起到缓冲作用，减少钳夹对于上皮组织的挤压伤，特别是对于动脉粥样硬化的肾脏动脉病例；5 导致达到手术目的的时间中花费大约30分钟宝贵手术时间。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。