血液循环

On clinical transfuses blood the technology to divide into the blood transfusion and the ingredient blood transfusion. And the ingredient blood transfusion divides into freezes blood plasma, the concentration red blood cell, the concentration white blood cell freshly, concentration blood platelet. The blood transfusion frequently asked questions have allergic reaction and the hematolysis response.

临床输血不局限于补充血容量一种，它具体包括：①补充血容量，常用于各种原因引起的急性贫血，可恢复循环容量，迅速提高血压；②增加血红蛋白，纠正贫血，常用于血液系统疾病而引起的严重贫血：③补充抗体，增加机体抵抗力，常用于败血症及严重感染的病员；④增加蛋白质，纠正低蛋白血症，改善全身营养状况；⑤输入新鲜血，可补充各种凝血因子，改善凝血使用，有助于贫血；⑥促进骨髓系统和网状内皮系统功能。

Tongnaohuoluo acupuncture can increase effectively the blood supply for brain tissue cells, promote the rebuilding of collateral circulation, improve and recover the symptoms of function disorders including hemiplegia and logomania as early as possible,so it is effective in treating acute ischemic stroke.

通脑活络针刺法能有效增加大脑组织细胞血液再灌注量，加速侧支循环重建，使偏瘫、失语等功能障碍的症状尽早改善和恢复，疗效确切。

Through the analysis of the datum about 68 patients in our department in the last three years of MEBT/MERO treating wide areas burn combing with the stomach and intestine inside and outside accessorial nutrition therapy, It shows that wide areas burn may lead to the terrible results, such as effusion of the gelatinoustissue, consuming of the quantity of heat and losing of intestine nutrient owing to the imbalance of nitrogen ion.

文章摘要：本文通过对近三年使用MEBT／MERO治疗大面积烧伤，并结合胃肠内外营养治疗的68例病人的资料分析认为，大面积烧伤因创面组织液渗出，热量消耗，氮离子失衡等因素造成体内营养丢失，同时降低有效血液的循环量，加重休克，导致水电解质失衡，免疫功能下降，易继发多种并发症。

The theory was that their difficulties in thinking, remembering and paying attention were somehow caused by the heart-lung machines that oxygenate and circulate blood during surgery while the heart is stopped.

这个理论指的是：在手术期间，因心脏停止而必须使用给予氧气和循环血液人工心肺机的病人，在思考、记忆力及注意力方面所引发的障碍。

But the systemic investigation in geriatric patients about it is very little in civil, people still have different opinions about its performing methods, the degree of tolerance et al, and its reliability and effectiveness of saving blood also has to be more discussed.6% Hydroxyethl starch(200/0.5) is a new generation of artificial colloid, and posses the unique effect of blocking for leakage of blood capillary except that it can obviously expand blood volume and ameliorate microcirculation filling and oxygen supply, and its incidence of harmful response is very low within clinicaldosage, so it is a better plasmatic substitute that was used in preoperative AHH and volume therapy at present.

6％羟乙基淀粉(Hydroxyethl starch，HES)是临床广泛应用的新一代人工胶体，扩容效果好，维持循环稳定时间长，输注后能明显改善微循环灌注和组织氧供，并具有独特的毛细血管渗漏封闭效应，且不良反应少，过敏反应低，是目前血液稀释和容量治疗较理想的血浆代用品。

Results The bletilla colloid was a homogenous viscous colloid whose relative viscosity was 2324.6 mm2/s. It was easily injected through 4-F catheter and hyperattenuating under fluoroscopy, meanwhile, with good histocompatibility and hemo-compatibility, without pyrogenetic response and toxicity. In vitro, the mixture of bletilla colloid and MMC did not produce separation and suspention phenomena but released 50%of MMC at 1.8h and 100%at 3.4h. The bletilla colloid mainly embolized peripheral arteries, maintaining occlusion for 5 weeks and without formation of collateral circulation. The injuries of normal hepatic tissues were slight, without hepatic cytonecrosis.

结果 (1)白芨胶为一种均质的胶状物，有一定粘滞性，相对粘度2 324.6 mm2/s，不透X线，易经4F导管注射；(2)白芨胶具有良好的血液相容性和组织相容性，无致热原性及毒性作用；(3)白芨胶-丝裂霉素C体外混合后，无分层及悬浮现象，释放MMC 50%约需1.8小时，100%需3.4小时；(4)白芨胶主要栓塞末梢小动脉，栓塞牢靠，维持时间可达5周，不易形成侧支循环；(5)白芨胶栓塞对正常肝组织损伤轻微，未出现肝细胞坏死。

It is characterized by a connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which allows oxygen-rich blood that should go to the body to recirculate through the lungs.

在主动脉和肺动脉之间（存在出生后本来应该关闭）的连接通道是其特点，政造成富含氧的鲜红色血液未能进入全身循环，而是经过此通道再次回流到肺部，。

It is characterized by a connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which allows oxygen-rich blood that should go to the body to recirculate through the lungs.

在主动脉和肺动脉之间（存在出世后本来应该关闭）的连接通道是其特点，政造成富含氧的鲜红色血液未能进入全身循环，而是经过此通道再次回流到肺部，。

Nanoparticles as drug carriers can solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs in their inner core, avoid being quickly taken up by the reticuloendothelial system and prolong circulation time in the blood.

纳米粒子作为药物释放载体可避免被网状内皮系统快速吞噬，延长在血液里的循环时间。

Some innate digital palmar branches could be seen at the pedicle of flyback finger flaps in which veins can be stained to black soon after infusion.It indicated that the blood circulation of arteries to capillaries to veins have completed.The radiogram of flaps showed that the overall transmittancy has been decreased and some blood vessels were visible radiologically.

指背逆行皮瓣的蒂部可见有指掌侧固有动脉的分支，灌注后可见皮瓣内静脉即刻充盈黑染，说明实验皮瓣已完成&血液&从动脉-毛细血管-静脉的循环过程，皮瓣X线造像显示整体透光度减低，皮瓣内有血管显影。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。