血流

Based on our experiences, we conclude that: 1 rhabdomyoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children; 2 most pediatric tumors are associated with tuberous sclerosis; 3 clinical presentation is determined by the tumor size and number of tumors, and whether expansion of the malignancy has resulted in cardiac blood-flow obstruction; 4 there is a strong possibility of regression of the primary cardiac tumor, with surgery recommended only when cardiac symptoms are severe; and, 5 unless there is a significant obstruction of blood flow, chemotherapy is still the treatment of choice for secondary cardiac tumors.

根据我们的经验，我们认为(1)横纹肌瘤是儿童最常见的心臓肿瘤，(2)临床表现的严重度取决於肿瘤的大小，数目以及是否占满了心臓腔室而有血流阻塞的现象，(4)在原发性肿瘤中是有机会自发性的变小，而且除非有严重的心臓症状，否则并不建议开刀，(5)在次发性肿瘤中化学治疗仍然是治疗上的首选，除非有血流阻塞的现象。

Objective To investigate the hemodynamics of sieve plate and retina in macula in central serous chorioretinopathy with Heidelberg retinal flowmeter.

目的 应用海德堡视网膜血流仪研究中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变视盘筛板和黄斑部视网膜血流动力学变化。

The blood flow of sieve plate and retina in macula is significantly decreased in CSC, and there is positive correlation between hemodynamic parameters of sieve plate and retina in macula.

中浆患者的视盘筛板和黄斑部视网膜血流下降显著，且两者血流动力学改变存在正相关性。

Results of clinical application show that this method can obtain spectrogram parameters automatically and precisely.

临床试用结果表明，该方法能够自动、准确地获取超声多普勒血流声谱参数，从而为血流状态的临床检测提供了一种实用方法。

In the detection system, the analysis method of blood flow is the dominant factor. The method is mainly based on spectrogram. It is very significative to study and research the methods for analyzing blood flow.

在超声多普勒血流检测系统中，对血流信号的分析方法目前还是建立在声谱图的基础上，因此对信号分析方法的研究，是决定检测系统性能的主要因素，是非常有意义的研究课题。

And There was no serious complication;②In the course ofinterventional therapy, Direct portal vein angiography demonstrated vena coronaria ventriculi(100%)andgastricveins(65.26%)andvenagastricaposterior38.43%, Angiography demonstrated venacoronariaventriculi communicate esophagus varicose veins, gastric veins and vena gastrica posterior communicategastric varicose veins. vena coronaria ventriculi had only a small percentage of double vein, about30.57%. The sites of vena coronaria ventriculi arising from the portal vein, splenic vein, portosplenic junction, were found in 52.06%、27.39%、20.55% respectively.③12 extrahepaticprotosystemic shunts were found in these patients. Include gastro-nephrosshuntof 3 cases, 7 caseswere splenetic- nephros shunt and 2 cases shown recanalization of umbilical vein .④The averageportal pressure before and after the procedure were 3.87±1.82kPa and 3.64±1.14kPa in 73patients, but to the time of rebleeding, it was 3.96±0.23kPa in the 11 cases.⑤There werethree kinds of variceal outcome: disappearance (54,low degree (19).⑥Spearman logisticanalyse and ANOVAtest shown liver function class, variceal degree of the splenic necrosis area,the blood direction in portal vein before operation and remain small collateral routes were thesignificant factors concerning outcome of varices.⑦The bleeding volume and portalhypertensive gastropathy are main risk factors of rebleeding.⑧The course of livercirrhosis is the risk factor of survival and extrahepatic portosystemic shunt , fine varices are thebeneficial factors to survival.⑨During all cases'followed-up data, the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 yearcumulative survival rates and rebleeding rates were 17.81%, 28.77%, 38.36%, 43.84%, 47.95%and93.15%,91.78%,86.30%,83.56%,80.82%respectively. Conclusion The interventional disconnection treatment for liver cirrhosis and portalhypertension was designed suitability. It rapidlycontrol bleeding,butpressure of portal vein was notobvious high, perfusion was not low .it was compared with surgery therapeutic that interventionaldisconnection treatment was safe and had a significant clinical effect to hemorrhage and preventfrom rebleeding.

结果：①术后一过性发热62例(84.9%)，腹痛腹胀48例(65.8%)是介入断流术常见的并发症，未发生严重并发症；②门静脉造影显示胃冠状静脉、胃短静脉和胃后静脉的曲张分流的出现率是100%、65.26%和38.34%；显示食管静脉曲张主要由胃冠状静脉供血，胃静脉曲张主要由胃短静脉和胃后静脉供血；胃冠状静脉大多数为单支，少数为双支，其双支的出现率分别为30.57%；胃冠状静脉开口于门静脉主干的为52.06%，开口于脾静脉主干的为27.39%和开口于门脾静脉交汇处的为20.55%；③发现胃肾分流3例，脾肾分流7例、腹膜后门腔静脉分流2例，以及CTA检查发现脐静脉开放者2例；④73例患者介入断流术前和术后平均自由门静脉压力分别为3.87±1.82kpa和3.64±1.14kpa，前后比较存在显著性差异；11例再次介入手术患者的术前、术后和复发后的自由门静脉压力分别为4.02±0.24kpa、3.82±0.25kpa和3.93±0.23kpa ，前后比较发现首次术前与术后存在显著性差异，首次术前和复发出血术前门静脉压力比较无显著性差异；⑤介入术后复查曲张静脉转归基本消失54例，轻度19例；⑥Spearman相关分析和Logistic多因素回归分析，肝功能分级、静脉曲张程度、门脉血流方向和残存小侧支四个因素对曲张静脉转归有影响；Spearman相关分析和Logistic多因素回归分析门脉高压性胃病和出血量等因素对复发出血时间有影响；⑦COX回归分析，门体分流和曲张静脉转归两个因素对术后生存有影响；⑧术后随访6-70月，1、2、3、4、5年的累计复发出血率和累计生存率分别为17.81%、28.77%、38.36%、43.84%、47.95%和93.15%、91.78%、86.30%、83.56%、80.82%；结论：介入断流术治疗门脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张有独特的优点，可以快速直接控制曲张静脉出血而门静脉压力无显著增高，保证了肝脏灌注；与外科分流术相比适应证广、损伤轻、术后恢复快，不易遗漏曲张静脉；肝功能分级、曲张静脉程度、门脉血流方向和残存侧支血管对食管胃曲张静脉转归有影响；门脉高压性胃病对复发出血时间有影响；门体分流和曲张静脉转归对生存时间有影响。

Peak flow velocity and ratio of mitral valve orifice were measured by Doppler and compared.

用血流多普勒法测定二尖瓣口血流峰值速度及比率，并进行比较。

Finding effective drugs to treat PAH is a problem needed to be resolved. The main purposes of this study therefore were:① To assess the significance of radionuclide ventriculography in the diagnosis of early cor pulmonale and cor pulmonale with right heart failure.② To assess the rule of hemodynamic changes in patients with cor pulmonale especially in those patients who had been in decompensatory phase.③ TO assess the correlation between mean pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular ejection fraction in order to establish a equation for diagnosing PAH noninvasively.④ To assess the effects of nifedipine , captopril and combining nifedipine with captopril on the treatment of PAH.

本文对慢性肺心病、PAH的无创诊断和有效治疗两方面进行研究，其目的在于：①了解放射性核素检查对早期肺心病和肺心病合并右心衰竭诊断的意义；②了解肺心病病人尤其是失代偿期肺心病病人血流动力学的改变规律，了解平均肺动脉压与右室射血分数等的相关性，探索建立一个无创诊断PAH的回归方程，祈能提供今后临床使用；③观察硝苯吡啶、卡托普利和两药联用对PAP等血流动力学参数的影响。

Methods Fifteen pigs were anaesthetized, and trachea intubation and transfemoral cannula were performed then. Swan-Ganz catheters were inserted to pulmonary artery via internal jugular vein, and aeroperitoneum was set up by airing CO2. These pigs were randomly divided into three groups (5 pigs in each group) according to different levels of IAP （IAP10, IAP20, IAP30）. Hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism values were observed and recorded before airing, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after airing, respectively.

15只猪经麻醉后，行气管插管、股动脉插管及经颈内静脉肺动脉插管，CO2充气建立气腹，根据随机数字表法将猪分为IAP 10 cm H2O组(IAP10组)、IAP20组及IAP30组（每组5只），记录充气前，充气后6、12、18及24 h的血流动力学和氧代谢指标，观察不同水平IAP在不同时点上对血流动力学及氧代谢的影响。

Fall of blood pressure is in direct proportion to the resistance of blood flow,and the BP decreases significantly in the arteriole ,where the blood flow resistence is the biggest.

血压降落与血流阻力成正比，在血流阻力最大的微动脉段，血压降落最为显著。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。